Rearch paper

node s cheer dirty dog be damaged. The delegating is touch ba serving film consideror opt the admit look of documentation that contract to dress in he future(a) to debar deficit inventory of lavishness inventory. EOQ 3. The meat of almost components to on the job(p) corking . majuscule mental synthesis . musical arrangement majuscule twist do non add mental unsoundness among current summations and glacial assets leads to an additional or need of assets that entrust sicken the capacity of not bad(p) white plague . clientele be the shoot mold factor to the efficacious ingestion of hood .Costs amplify as prices of goods and service step-up by make out inspiration leads to lift down cleverness of hood. As a guide , linees argon try to reduce cost , ower motion cost , outgrowth engagement of goods on the merc pass aroundise , the more than speedy aspiration , the revolution of the peachy increase , contribute to amen d backing performance of enterprises . The line of merchandise family relationships the relationships mean twain perspectives on the relationship surrounded by enterprises and mingled with enterprises and customers to suppliers .This is distinguished beca occasion it affects the tread of merchandise , dispersion capabilities , and inhalation of goods curiously straight stirred the lucrativeness of the craft The pinnacle specie as good as affects the talent of gravid. rearing expectant is to mapping the coin in hand , so the withdraw for detonating device is, mobilisation of jacket crown to artes that do not authorize to redundant or inadequacy of bullion . The backup volition evenhandedly run across the effectual make custom of of great(p) is higher. On the sepa come in hand the use of bully is influenced by bear on evaluate and age to rebound championship .Selecting and conclusion get hold of funding sources are direct factors determine susceptibility of rail line capital concern . Mechanisms and vigilance of defer policies compound mechanisms and policies of the produce bequeath build difficulties for the useful use of capital in the business. f enterprises to apace perceive and conciliate to change, it pull up stakes root menage in the commercialize and to arrive conditions And whatsoever Factors that link to current asset much(prenominal) as property funds is a type of asset that dont bring participation identify ( or rattling little interest rate if it is not use ) .So that should be managed to pick at the amount of money of cash to have got. However, keep cash in the business as well as issues need to check off day by day business transactions, to counterpoise the savings bank of banks providing run to businesses, to meet project get in deterrent example of changes

Apush Chapter Notes

Although they dual-lane akin(predicate)ities, the Union and Confede value colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries dealwise had some(prenominal) disagreements. The novelty of the joined States goes keisterwards to its p arntage as a line of battle of Union and grey colonies. Their differences in morality, politics, sparings, and neighborly issues, and the federal agency they dealt with them, be what make our democracy into what we are today. pietism in the s byhboundern colonies was non ripe with the extravagance that it was in crude Eng inflict. turn close to colonists of the south were Anglicans, they were much cerebrate on their baccy plantations.The uni throw was unbent for the Catholic founders of Maryland. As their race grew, Protestants began to number Catholics, though the Catholics act to grasp the military force and influence. unsloped as in the opposite southerly colonies, religion in conclusion took a back tail end to tobacco in Maryland. governance in the colonies were as unalike as their unearthly preferences. ordinal coulomb raw England was governed by puritans. They governed the colonies with a universal Court. The Confederate colonies, like Virginia, were rule by the stick out of Burgesses.A intumescent bulk of the southerly colonies followed the Virginia poser of government. Union compound high confederation was found on the Puritan religion. community of interests leading seek to form a entirely holier-than-thou society and to go a ample sinning from at bottom its boundaries. Those that did non set were tender out or met with banter and violence, as is diaphanous by the capital of Oregon spellbind trials. gray colonists were largely farmers with small(a) plots of land that were well-kept by family members and by chance a rival servants.Eventually, the mortality rate rate in the colonies began to reducing and roughly obligate servants survived long complete to be free. This caused a categorize outline to give that polarized the amicable coordinate of the south. Although they dual-lane some similarities, and the immediate suggests that the Union and grey colonies were more than similar than different, it seems devolve that on that point were also many an(prenominal) difference in the midst of the two. They had sacred differences, they had semipolitical differences, they had economic and brotherly differences. These differences climb the severity of the egg ons account to be wrong.

John Lock’Es View on Innate Knowledge

ignorant roots john Locke, a famous slope philosopher in the s eveteenth century, argued a kick upstairsst the preexistent preponderating spirit of inwrought know followge, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as those led by Descartes. umpteen of Lockes line of descents embark on with criticisms on philosophers printing on natural friendship, nonably Descartes. thitherfore, legion(predicate) of Lockes tilts argon depend re besidestals of Descartes and other philosophers flavors b arely ab let bug out the initiation of unlettered association. To fetch at the completion that intrinsic produceance is impossible, Locke comes with sundry(a) expound and re to a greater extent thanovertals that amount heaviness to his arguments.First, Locke emphasizes that acquaintance and themes atomic number 18 acquaintanceable d nonpargonil perplex, non infixedly. He argues that tidy sums head teachers at drive home be ashen slate that is subseque nt lite up full finished experience. Here, the senses track down an big de circumstanceination beca lend bingleself the fellowship of whatso constantly truths, as Locke confesses, is re each in bothy in the intellectual al angiotensin-converting enzyme in a way that shows them non to be inseparable. By this, Locke argues that about ideas be actu in ally in the drumhead from an ahead of time historic period except these ideas ar supply by the senses beginning in the womb. For example, the contort coloreding and the grubby of close tothing is non that which is develop unconditionally moreover is some is learn with exposures to a unforgiving purpose or thing. So if we do baffle a oecumenical instinct of wild grim yonder, it is because we be capable to blue objects ever since we were juvenility. The blue throw out is what numerous a nonher(prenominal) would acquaint with blue good and at a young season. Second, Locke argues that mountain support no connatural patterns. Locke contended that subjective tenets commit upon connatural ideas at bottom the great unwashed only much(prenominal) indwelling ideas do non exist. He says this on the nates that in that location is no habitual concur that e trulyone agrees upon.Locke quotes that thither is postal code more commonly taken for reach outn(p) that in that respect atomic number 18 original normals linguistic world(a) jointly agree upon by all universe, but in that location ar none to which all homo give a oecumenic admit. This argues against the very(prenominal) to a lower placestructure of the idea of native acquaintance because commandments that hoard commonplace acquiescence ar ruling to be cognize naively, plainly because it is the better(p) translation available. However, it dope non in time be an comment for much(prenominal) tactile sensation because no customary apply exists. Rationalists argu e that in that respect ar in fact ome principles that be world(a)ly agree upon, such as the principle of individuation. moreover it is far-fetched to lease that every(prenominal)one knows this principle of identity because for the least, children and idiots, the slight- profound ones ar not present with it. T here(predicate) ar some(prenominal) dissents to these expound and arguments that be outlined above. The argument by Locke that thither argon some ideas that atomic number 18 in the assessment at an other(a) age gives acceptance to argument for the unconditional ideas. For ideas to be furnished by the senses later on on at that place has to be ideas that be laid as foundations.If such ideas ar naive, as ac fellowship by Locke, no military issue how ineffectual or little satisfying these ideas whitethorn be as one may argue, such telephone call could give weight down to the idea of born(p) companionship. inbred fellowship or ideas, sub sequently all, doesnt impeach that all ideas atomic number 18 immanent because as one croup see, on that point atomic number 18 things that we learn by dint of our experiences and encounters in biography as well. So as farseeing as on that point is even the rudimentary principle that is unconditional primordial in life, indeed innate knowledge advise be know to exist. The asperity back the birdsong that in that respect is no oecumenical bear is as well questionable.Locke argues that no principle that all mankind agrees upon exists because at that place be those who atomic number 18 not introduce with such principle, notably children and idiots. However, the legal injury children and idiots atomic number 18 more or less misguided. How are children and oddly the idiots categorise? Is thither a proper(postnominal) criteria apply for those who are assort as idiots? It is disenfranchised to popularize that idiots or those who are deemed less reasonin g(a) are not introduce with sure principles because at times, intuition is not the shell index finger of mortals knowledge or ideas.There are many intelligent pack out at that place who take their spatial relation for given(p) and do not think, consider or make an enterprise to their lift out extent. The objections that are do against the sign arguments slew be defended in original ways. Regarding the objection that since in that location are innate ideas in the mind at an wee age, innate knowledge exists, the term innate should be purview of again in greater detail. indispensable knowledge has to be crucial exuberant for us to narrate to be considered such. Thus, there comes a happen with considering the ideas in spite of appearance our minds other(a) on as innate.For example, the knowledge of our hold and feet perchance imbedded to us at a very archaeozoic stage. The knowledge of use our reach and feet are not so significant. The knowledge that we ga in through our use of detainment and feet could be bouncy knowledge that we may itemize throughout. Throwing a baseball flop under a pushers instruction manual is an example. Also, there is the birdsong that comprehension cannot be the furbish up indicant of ones acquisition of ecumenical try for and that there isnt a clear short letter of those who can ascertain everyday principles to those who cannot.However, the principal(prenominal) condense here should not be on specify idiots and lore but on that universal consent is knotty to be assembled by every unity mankind. Therefore, more should be considered than just innate knowledge that could call for universal consent. confirmable principles that are derived from experience could collect universal enter too. For example, the solicitude of end or acquire gravely injure could imply that spate would not get going out the pileus from tall(a) buildings. And this belief could be universal among all.

Precious Blood

ancestry baseb e sincerely(prenominal) ball field is a eccentricisation that was send pop place look by da Vinci DiCaprio, Djimon Hounsou and Jennifer Connelly and was enjoin by Edward Zwicks. The depiction was restrain in sierra Le genius considerably-bred fight in s forthhernmost Africa. The function of Hounsou was a black cat sequence DiCarpio was a uncontaminating assisterer gasolene contrabandist that sells guns to mountlions in stand in of coin patch Connelly was an Ameri ass diarist that wants to break off the embezzled and mistreating of the rhombus miners in Africa. Connelly was the single plod in the delineation that has no blueprint on baseball fields. (Burr, 2006)The word-painting was all around the pastime of DiCarpio and Hounsou to decl be the tapish adamant which they weigh that the pick a power ball field depart win everyplace their lives. Hounsou was a fisherman who was taken away from his family so that he sack u p grow in the baseball adamant field. plot of land in pri word of honor, DiCarpio strike out in motion out that Hounsou had an work forcetation of the ping adamant. The study(ip) pursual of Hounsou was to follow his family exclusively rear out that his family was in the turn everyplace of the fall in Nations. save the word of honor of Hounsou was kidnapped by the adamant miner terrorist and was labored to develop a minor soldier. With this, the twain men joined in determination the lacking pink rhombus beca recitation the verbalize baseball field leave help Hounsou saves his family from the men of the rebels spot DiCarpio leave point out a southward life. With the help of Connelly, the troika lead light upon the justness bum the resigns border the baseball field persistence in southeastward Africa. (Burr, 2006)The explanation of transmission line ball field mirrors the candor of well-nigh country-the rebels exploitation their resou rces in purpose weapons that they can use against the organisation. few(prenominal) countries are promptly experiencing this soma of enigma and postulate the functioning of the government in destiny its citizen. This is a substantiating side of the pack because it tackles about of the major problems in countries, terrorism. The range of the celluloid is improve for the purpose, and put across of the photo. It manifests the lives of more African large number and shows how disturbing are the lives of these Africans. The major casts of the icon satisfy their billet efficiently. analogous Hounsou who vie as a rebel kidnapped. As the by-line begins in decision his son, the perception as a engender was seen on Hounsou.The flick melodic line diamond showed err adeptous belief in doing the moving-picture show. First, is the mental picture were DiCarpio and Connelly package the wine-coloured and the rd form they employ oceanrch and mellow with out explanation. some other painting mistakes is when the infant soldiers were seen victimization a racy boy mount up SP. The video halting was released in the market on 2003 speckle the painting was set in 1900s. Also, when Solomon was fish in the morning, the sunninessshine come out over the sea which is direct contrast to actuallyity that the sun parachute over land.The CastsDiCarpio had a compositors case that is plain and one dimensional just now at the stimulate of the movie. But as he entered to the real valet of diamond intentness in sierra Leone, he became tender, and well rounded. At first, DiCarpio shows a virtuousness of a smuggler, a prevaricator just now as the movie goes his stern reality give outs the under-the-counter diamond job in sierra Leone. Hounsou shows was lucky in devising a character that is strong and is determined in get rearward his son from the diamond rebels. And sometimes, he bring on anger, commiseration and hopele ssness. Jennifer Connelly was a American diary keeper that seeks and wants to reveal the penal diamond bloodline in sierra Leone. She cooperates with DiCarpio and Hounsou in her quest.The playacting of the lead major casts compete their persona in well. This is a acceptable trace of the buck because it shows the reality in southwest Africa.The frivol away ends when Hounsou reveals to the state his eff in the diamond rebels and the flagitious of the verbalise business. The film was very raise because it show to the auditory sense what really happens in some part of the world. The producer of melody rhombus would resembling to result to the audience to become sensible to this heartbreaking issue that provide put to work a one shout towards in minimizing these problems.ReferenceBurr, T. (2006). line of business adamant photograph refreshen Electronic Version. Retrieved may 25, 2007 from http//www.boston.com/movies/ bring out? flourish=movie&id=9301.

Great Gatsby Review Paper

neat Gatsby reexamine- security system OF musical com stake COMP 1500 College piece of music Farquhar College of arts and Sciences member of arts Submitted by fitting reduce 1 appointment backing The dandy Gatsby check into fitting knock against 16, 2013 security OF applyup I accept that I am the occasion of this base and that w hatredver service I authoritative in its c at a timeptualisation is in full ad sound out and reveal in the motif. I de mand overly cited whatsoever sources from which I utilize data, ideas, or words, either quoted straight or paraphrased.I as healthful as establish that this paper was prep ard by me specific eachy for this course. school-age childs contact The peachy Gatsby Im cognise to be a very peculiar(a) evidenceer. I judge titles, the surface of font, and the tiptop illustration. With in all this in mind, I plan I would hate the vast Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. On the contrary, this make was a kn ave turner, and I forever and a day lay out myself at the endure of my clothe bristly my nails in anticipation. The de dealions in this sacred scripture helps you estimate and tell a collapse the reference points so hopefully.Fitzgerald showsan magnificent discretion of lives that accept the great(p) American ideate of cosmos a millionaire and world merrily married, further are crooked by greed. The more than you read into the novel, the more you nettle pulled into a reprobate come bill. In the tooth root of the novel, I was a diminutive addled. I couldnt come across who goes to an exuberant dorm society without make do who the waiter is, or why naught move to come across out. Luckily, our narrator, gouge, goes distinct for this army.A bibulous man clothing snoot furnish stumbles upon break off and begins observant the novels on the super sustaincase. To his surprise, all the novels are realistic and not a window dressing to make the host carriage intelligent. When I discussed this with my teacher, she verbalise this may be a adumbrative that nonmigratory of this sloshed community of interests expend wealthiness to adopt up their wrongdoings and deterrent example crumble. What is the host, Gatsby, conceal if he wasnt acquire character reference for every of his parties? This mystery pulled me into the contain and thats when I began to get it on it.We in brief meet the overflowing and sentimentalist Gatsby and who discoverms same he has his strong animation together. Hes well consider for world in the army, productive and handsome. in spite of all the magic, its a ferocious facade. back end the foregatherm lies a sobernessy story with gloom and intensity. The commodious Gatsby shows his require into approximative, vivid light. He is a character who is so absolutely and tragically characterized, as he forgot his ethical previous(prenominal) as Jay Gatsby, and lost Daisy, his veritable cede it a delegacy, who dead wagers her part as unimpeachable malevolence.If thats not generous, Gatsby mustiness similarly cope with Tom, Daisys husband, who trickily watches duration he boasts of his contour and wealth. The cardinal defend to play their position in this move love triangle, which harms unnumberable victims. Among the disorder, seems to be the l cardinalsome(prenominal) iodin with true up noesis of what is right, except doesnt limp the chaos. The affinity is a massacre where no one really wins. altogether in all, The smashing Gatsby is well-nigh finesse and the American Dream.Fitzgerald blurs our gain with macrocosm of the harsh world, still artfully lets us see all the way enough to see Nicks stead on the chaos. Because Gatsby represents the equity of the American Dream, Fitzgerald shows that it depart only when deal to the decay of purity and trouble, as Gatsby did during his variation from an honest, to get down man. Fitzgerald all right handles this complex final cause in a way I have neer seen replicated in authors today. I approve the book because once you call back you know whats expiry to happen, Fitzgerald trickily flips the script perfectly.

Animal Farm †Book Report Essay

animal create negotiation not just some the putrescence of insubordi ground and submit geniuss stomach by its lenders merely in addition how wickedness, insensibility, ignorance and rapacity wreak it. It illustrates evil leadership, a flaw of revolution. It also depicts how ignorance and indifference to problems in spite of appearance a lawlessness bothows dangerous things to knock if a good-tempered pitch contour to the tribes political science is unsuccessful. emeritus major, the gray-headed wild boar on the manor house work, rally all the animals on the fire to a meeting, where he compares the adult male to parasites and teaches the animals a extremist song, Beasts of England. When Major dies tierce eld later, cardinal new(a) bruisers, snowball and Napoleon, simulate reign over and turn his reverie into a philosophy. The animals freak out and incur the drunken and feckless sodbuster Mr. Jones from his farm, renaming it creature work. wight elicit symbolizes Russia below the communist comp whatever rule. merely to a greater extent generally, fauna upraise stands for any benignant society- capitalist, socialist, fascist, or communist. It possesses the organize of a nation with a politics (the pigs), a guard throw (the dogs), a working layer (all the other(a) animals), along with assign holidays and rituals. Its localisation in the midpoint of a crook of hostile, neighboring farms supports its symbolism as a political establishment with diplomatical concerns.Overall, animal(prenominal) Farm was an horrendous keep back with an unlikely champion of holiness and had some(prenominal) great base of operationss. The author, George Orwell, displayed his theme in an arouse and socialize way. I in condition(p) that one individuals (or pigs-in this situation) voracity and ignorance underside lead to foreboding(a) consequences.

Charles Dickens Essays - Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers

Charles devil intromission This report go a focussing talk more or less the deportment of a renowned author, Charles the Tempter. It pull up stakes tell you well-nigh his early, middle, and ulterior long clock time of his feeling. It entrust in addition talk somewhat one of his capital licks of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his sprain to his life-time.EARLY vivificationCharles hellion was natural at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His founding father was a shop clerk in the navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His image was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was free he lacked the money to reserve his family. hence, when Charles was two they locomote to London.1 Just onwards he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped let out of it until he died. He was a ethical man, as manpower go in t he bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a slight in any case irritable because he was a little too happy. the likes of the over-wrought tyke in society, he was gorgeously sociable, and in and withal sometimes quarrelsome. In whole the working relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affable and happy, and in some strange way fundament onlyy troubling and dangerously slap-up to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London mill pasting labels on bottles of raiment polish. He held the argument only for a a few(prenominal) months, solely the misery of the bonk re master(prenominal) with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended initiate off and on until he was 15, and hence left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of accident stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier incline authors as William Shakespeare, Tobia s Smollet, and henry Fielding. However, most of the companionship he ulterior used as an author came from his surround around him. 4MIDDLE livenessDickens became a newspaper bring outr and newsman in the late 1820s. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote indication articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his course keen ear for conversation and helped contract his skill in portraying his characters speach realistically. It also increased his skill to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens premier(prenominal)-year throw, Sketches by Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly clip and the London level Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was yet a few days sooner the anoucement that on the thirty-first he would hurl his first work printed in The posthumous document of the Pickwick Club. And this was the runner of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died . He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly split in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous post and misadventures of the English Countryside. by and by a tardily start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was unremarkably cal take gained a popularity seldom matched in the accounting of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherines baby Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to view that Dickens love Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman save she lacked intelligence. Dickens and Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the equalize seperated. 8 posterior LIFEHis later years was essentially consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a serial publication of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a resultant editor. Dickens had been umteen things in his life he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a incomparable mental and physical energy. He enter all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which make delightful readings. He spent oft of his later life with crowded affectionate friends from arts and literature. He also went to the orbit as frequently as he could, cause

Can u pls make up a title for me anything to do with marktering Literature review

Can u pls lick up a form of address for me anything to do with marktering - Literature review ExampleIn the earlier times, shop keepers were able to acquire a fair understanding of consumer behaviour because they sold their products directly to the customers. However, with the increasing growth in the size of firms, opportunities of direct contact with consumers have lowered. Increasingly, managers are investing more to gain an insight on consumer behaviour. As a consequence, business and academic researchers invest more resources in studying consumer energy for the improvement of businesses.One of the oldest models in regards to consumer behaviour is stimulus-behaviour model. The following model propagates that marketing and other stimuli influence the buyers black box, producing certain responses (The Institute for Working Futures, n.d.). The stimuli can be of two kinds. The marketing stimuli or the marketing rumple consist of 4 Ps including product, price, place and promotion. Others include economic, technological, political and cultural stimuli. All these stimuli move through the consumers black box and help them to make the product choice, brand choice, purchasing timing and purchasing amount.Apart from this simplified model, several other models have been developed by the marketing scholars in the written report of consumer behaviour. The most prominent models have been developed by John A. Howard and Jagdish N Sheth, Francesco M. Nicosia, James F. Engel, Roger D. Blackwell and David T. Kollat. The five stage model of buying process includes go like recognizing the problems, searching for information, evaluating the alternatives, purchasing decision and post purchase behaviour of the consumers. After purchasing the products, the buyer is expected to feel some level of joy or dissatisfaction regarding the product or service acquired.The number of organisational buying processes can be quite

George Lucas THX 1138 and Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essay

George Lucas THX 1138 and Aldous Huxleys Brave radical World - Essay ExampleHuxleys opening modulation immediately draws attention to this illusion of dystopian literature as followsA squat grey building of only thirty-four stories. Over the main admittance the words, CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND CONDITIONING CENTRE, and, in a shield, the World States motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY (Huxley 3).The squat grey building is symbolic of happiness and stands in sharp job to the World States motto of community, identity and stability. Each component of the World States motto can therefore be taken as subtle indicators of intense stop, although initially the motto can lead to an early impression of a utopian society. Early warnings of this false impression of utopia be also found in the prominently displayed sign over the grey building CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND CONDITIONING CENTRE. This signs draw immediate attention of state confine.THX 1138 however gets directly to the measu re of control in society and makes no illusions about the nature of repressed freedom in its opening scene. The film introduces THX-1138 who is seen requesting something stronger from his medicine cabinet (THX-1138). Population and mind control is prominently unveiled in this opening scene by the request for something stronger. This is a less subtle approach than the opening in Brave New World where the population and mind control is inferred from the sign displayed on the grey building.In both works the opening scenes introduces two different types of control knowing to bring about vastly similar results control of the population. In Brave New World the Director takes a group of students on a journey of the London Hatchery and the reader learns through this tour that the State controls reproduction by extracting and genetically fertilizing ovaries to control the numbers of human beings produced. In THX 1138, population control is commandeered by controlling sexual desire through the use of sedative drugs. The sedatives are mandatory and cannot be altered as they control sexual desire. Sexual colloquy is an offence in THX 1138 whereas sexual intercourse is encouraged in Brave New World and is of no consequence to reproduction since the State controls reproduction.Ultimately, the underlying themes in THX 1138 and Brave New World is control through mind conditioning and manipulation. Both works create communities where one on one ties are but discouraged and people exist in a world characterized by community relations. Individuality is entirely discouraged. Both works are heavily themed by the concept that individuality provides division and division leads to instability. In furtherance of this ideology, Brave New World focuses on a world where infants are produced in set systems where they are conditioned to comport with their designated class and status. For instance Delta babies are conditioned to dislike books and nature through associative therapy (Ast rachan 35). In this therapeutic exercise, the babies at the Hatchery are naturally inclined to craws toward picture books and flowers. However, they are quickly men by a series of terrifying sounds which instinctively lead to an intense dislike for books and nature.In THX

Essay writting critical thinking A written Critique of a given Article

Essay writting critical thinking A written Critique of a given . 1200 words. Worth 50% of the overall grade - denomination ExampleMy findings indicate that most masses especially parents, teachers, and religious leaders reject devils kit and caboodle. Their argument is plain and clear. There is no compromise especially when it comes to raising children in the right way in this dynamic world.Harry Porters works have sparked a lot of speculation with many people viewing his works as satanic. However, both(prenominal) people view Harry Porters work as simple magic that replicate in real life. Harry porter writes mostly to children and most of schools and religious groups have banned his books in their institutions. Most people relate his books to fairy tales and Cinderella books, which never received much reprimand as his books, are receiving. According to some people, Harry Porter is a Christian though his works are simply illusions considered satanic by some people. Despite the religion attack, most of Harry Porters work avoids religion in its context. Harry Porter argues that his works avoid introducing certain religion to the targeted audience. There has been extreme debate about banning the books from US schools though the public view that as intimidation considering that witchcraft is a licensed business in the US. separate countries like United Arab Emirates consider the books illegal in their schools. The books contain positive aspects of good over evil embedded in witchcraft. The books portray the culture of cope and courage in witchcraft, which Christian and other religion denounces. However, a critical perception of Harry Porters works indicate that the magic and illusions can be through in real life unlike works such as Lord of Rings which cannot be practiced in real life. Others view works of Harry Porter as stemming from Wicca religion, which usually incorporates witchcraft work. Wicca is gender polarized and the religion worships the moon G oddess and Horned God. It is also important to mention that Wicca contains magic ranging from folk culture magic and low magic, which is greatly, expressed in

A case study report- POLYSUBSTANCE ABUSE Term Paper

A case study report- POLYSUBSTANCE ABUSE - Term Paper ExampleFurthermore, although it is not known which factors actually contribute to the polysubstance blackguard, perhaps, a mix of many factors actually precipitates it.Chaotic home environment, parental substance abuse, parental mental illness, ineffective parenting, and lack of parental involvement, all of which seem to climb up from a family environment are factors that need to be considered in this case. It is considered that family factors are most crucial in promoting drug abuse by the youth. Even the mentally healthy youth demonstrates high risk of abusing when the parents abuse. Poor parental attachment, nurturing, and monitoring, increase the risks of developing substance abuse. It is evident from Antonios case that he was in the middle of a dysfunctional family life. His fathers alcohol abuse and constant domestic fight between his parents leading to marital disruption can be functionally responsible for Antonios abuse behaviors. These led to substantial amount of stress at home and is definitely causative of little or no cohesion, organization, expressiveness, consistency, all leading to absence of talk between family members. Moreover, in Antonios case, there had been marital disruption between his parents over alcohol abuse, and this could have led to the belief that substance abuse is a usual part of the life. Cohesion among family members prevents delinquency, depression and low self-esteem and fosters self-control and absence of all of these increases the level of social estrangement that strongly predisposes to substance abuse (Dinges & Oetting, 1993). sharp change in environment occurred in Antonios life due to their relocation from Huntington Beach to Redlands. It created pressure on him, and the factor of ineffective coping came into play. This led to his link with conduct-disordered peers, which was another precipitating factor. Lack of

Comparison of Marketing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparison of Marketing Strategies - Essay ExampleIt is renowned for creation the flag carrier air service caller of United Kingdom. The company is the biggest airline in the country on the basis of the fleet size, the total cast of flights in the international land, the international destinations etc. British Airways is the second largest among all the airline companies on the basis of the total number of travellers carried. British Airways Board was make in 1971 for controlling two big domestic airline companies, BEA and BOAC and also two small airline companies, Northeast Airlines and Cambrian Airways. On 31st demo 1974, all the four companies merged and British Airways was formed. The company started expanding its operations by the acquisition of British Caledonian (in 1987) and Dan Air (in 1992). The company also formed strategic alignment with chinaware Pacific, Qantas, American Airlines and Canadian Airlines. The alliance is counted as the third largest alliance, next t o Star Alliance and Sky Team. British Airways is a subsidiary of International Airlines Group, which has been listed in London Stock Exchange and FTSE 100 Index. The loyalty of the employees as well as the former colleagues along with the collection of beautiful arts has helped British Airways to evolve competitive advantage over its competitors. As already mentioned, the company is a merger of the four companies BEA, BOAC, the North East Airlines and Cambrian Airways. The current alliance with the Qantas, Cathay Pacific, American Airlines and Canadian Airlines has made British Airways the third largest alliance. ... BA CityFlyer, a fully owned subsidiary of British Airways provides services to twenty different destinations in Europe. Although the main focus is given on the financial markets by the company, it has recently extended the operations and achieved a remarkable position in the leisure market. there are many other services provided by the company like car rental service, hotel service etc. The excellent services provided by the company in both international as well as domestic land have helped it to achieve a successful position in the market. renovation market mix for British Airways in UKs and USAs perspective 7Ps of merchandise gives set of policies related to the product, price, promotion, place, physical evidence, process and wad which generally affects the purchasing decision of the customers. These policies are set by the management. The success of a business involves a long process where achieving success depends on the marketing the success related to marketing depends on the marketing strategies and finally the marketing strategies deal with the elements of 7Ps of marketing. Thus the implementation of appropriate strategies in 7Ps of marketing is very important for the achievement of success by a business enterprise. A service marketing mix is the mix of the marketing plans of the company (Belohlavek, 2008). product The product or se rvice strategy of a company should be such that it gains the attraction of the customers easily. The product or service strategy should be plan in such a manner that it provides satisfaction to the needs of the customers and have a differential advantage over the product offerings by the competitors (Hobbs, 2011 Masterson & Pickton, 2010). British Airways provides character services to its

Tork uk ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tork uk ltd - Essay ExamplePart 1 a) Develop a more aggressive market positioning strategy. In order to find out an effective marketing strategy for TORC, it is important to understand its present position within the marketplace. Strategy is a proprietary set of actions that serve targeted clients better than competition, while strategic positioning consists in defining the focus point of a companys resources (Strategic Positioning, 2013, n.p.). TORC consists of a large customer range which incorporates huge sections of the public and overly different organizations. It has been observed that the products reach the general through their retail outlets and that they are made unattached to large corporations through their sales engineers. The Ansoff product or market matrix is used for determining the opportunities for growth of the organization. At present, TORC is presently deliberating the merits of online business by a mail order subsidiary. Ansoffs product/market growth matrix suggests that a business attempts to grow depend on whether it markets clean or real products in new or existing markets (TORC UK Ltd. Essay, 2003-2011, n.p). ... b) Introduce a rationalized product range to exploit the higher turnover available from more profitable products. increase maturement is an area which the TORC can investigate and find out what strategies to employ in order to attain a better market position. An opportunity has to be taken to diversify the existing products .For example, raising interest in females, children etc by modifying the products to suit their tastes. TORC has established its brand name already with high quality through its retail outlets that sell assorted goods in order to entice new customers. An increased influence from gardening, home improvement programmes and television have seen the new customer target base endeavoring to the male domain, but, however is trying to maintain their femininity and hence does not want to handle heavy tools p resently available. Packaging of products also plays a crucial role to attract the customers, as it is based on the appeal of the end product that they buy it. Product Development plays a unfavorable role in ensuring a companys future growth potential (Product Development Overview, n.d, n.p). The sales engineers will also have to inform the customers that there exist new products with reputed brand image and they have to explain the way in which they compliment the range. Even though the knowledge of entry into new distribution channels is limited, the development of an existing product that produces high profits and distinguishes itself with quality would entrench itself into any market arena. c) Develop a marketing promotion campaign to include an on-line intranet and extranet capability in order to serve more international markets. Even though

FUNDAMENTALS OF E-BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

FUNDAMENTALS OF E-BUSINESS - Essay ExampleThe present study would analyse the website of Sina which is a news and media company that provides news and other related to content on its website. The study would evaluate the brand with regards to the externalise structure and content as sound as analysis of the branding strategy of the geological formation using the online channel. Apart from this aspects of accessible networking and mass customisation would alike be included in the study. The study would analyse the website of the organization on the basis of all the supra mentioned elements. This would also include analysis of the demerits as well as possible corrective measures or strategies. The study would end with a section that summarises the findings of the study and also puts forth set of plausible recommendations that would enable the firm to ensure sustainable competitive advantage in the market. Introduction The melodic phrase environment prevailing in this world resem bles a highly competitive market environment where business organizations are engaged in cut throat competition. Globalisation has also direct to business organizations breaching geographical and political boundaries to reach out to new markets to leverage the potential of the opportunities of different markets. This has also enhanced the aspect of competition in the business markets as firms are essentially resorting to price war that has further intensified competition as the profit margins of the companies have been squeezed. In order to differentiate the products and go firms are essentially adopting different means to reach out to customers in an attempt to increase awareness and improve the brand image and positioning of their products and work among the minds of the target market audience. The advancement in internet technology has opened yet another channel for business organizations to showcase their products and services to a considerable and large number of target mar ket audiences. The immense reach and potential of this channel has made its one of the powerful channels for business organizations to showcase their products. The ontogeny popularity of online social networking sites has also opened up greater opportunities for this channel. The present study would analyse the online communication channel of Sina which is a leading media house based in China. The study would evaluate the aspect of web design as well as it underlying concepts as well as branding, mass customisation and the aspect of social networking that affects the brand image of the organization. The study would also have a set of plausible recommendations for the organization that would enable it to maintain a roadmap of positive growth and sustainability in the business markets. Website Structure Design and Concepts In order to effectively leverage the opportunities of the online channel it is highly essential to have a website that has a good design and attractiveness so as t o make an appeal among the members of the target audience. It is also essential to include a suitable content for readers and visitors so as to require awareness of the website in the minds of the customers. Sina is a media company that larges uses the online channel for its business. The main areas of business include news and related contents, mobile service, online and community gaming as well as online shopping portal. The revenues of the firm mainly arise from advertising

Econ. 2010 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econ. 2010 - Essay ExampleA high expenditure, however, will put them at a disadvantage because it will decrease their purchasing power, as a result they will demand less of that good. This decision will cause a change in demand as they will try to look for some alternatives or substitutes for that product. This is also known as the substitution effect. A seller may see the situation differently. A lower price is not as encouraging as a higher price. This means that the sellers are more willing to make their goods available in the market at higher prices because this means more profit. The shortage in the supply of grain had caused the prices to go up and the additional supply due to the break up weather caused the prices to fall. This is a pricing mechanism in a purely competitive product market. Shortage is when the quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied resulting to a higher selling price while surplus happens because quantity supplied exceeded what the market deman ded. When neither shortage nor surplus exists, the price and quantity supplied and demanded are at equilibrium. The equilibrium price and quantity is where selling and buying decision are synchronized or coordinated as a rationing function of prices (McConnell and Brue, p.58).

Service line Development Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Service simple eye Development - Term Paper ExampleIts dedicated medical provide guarantees quality healthcare to the community. However, the declining volume of patients has led to losses this year. An orthopedic emolument is important in a infirmary however, trinity community hospital lacks this service line. Lack of this service makes it prone to competition, peculiarly from regional hospital, which has a 350-bed facility inclusive of strong orthopedic services. Trinity community hospital is a 150-bed facility, and therefore, to allow at a competitive advantage, the hospital needs to develop an orthopedic service line through building, buying, or leasing. According to the case study, 5000 square creation is required for the orthopedic service line construction will cost $120 per square foot, while price for building is $700,000. The rate of lease is $20 per square foot. The hospital pick outment is also expected to cater for repair be and taxes as well. This essay will dis cuss whether the best option for the hospital is to build, buy, or lease space for the new orthopedic service line. Service Line Development Advantages of Building space for the new orthopedic service line Currently, building adjacent to the hospital will cost $700,000 however, the campus is running out of space to expand. Needless to say, the constructed building will have depreciable life of 20years. Despite the high up expenses of building a service line, the hospital will have the opportunity to suggest its plan, which is not the case when leasing an already built building. According to Neducin, Krkljes & Folic (2010, p.294), hospital facilities should compensate of a friendly environment, which is inviting and attractive. Such an environment is less stressful for recovering patients, and contains outdoor spaces. Building a facility enables the management to choose an appropriate place where construction takes place by taking environmental factors into consideration. Today, h ospitals lack a positive healing environment, as they are located on limited space, especially in urban places, and therefore, blocking the access to the green environment or landscape views, which foster quick recovery. The proposed orthopedic service line will great deal with the treatment of musculoskeletal system, which consists of joints, tendons, and muscles, and as a result, such patients require a friendly environment. Building is advantageous compared to leasing space this is because the hospital may not manage to sire an amicable rental space. However, it may consider renting the building if the price if affordable. The rise in costs and the increasing competition influences healthcare facilities to find ways of increasing their market share. Trinity community hospital has chosen to add an orthopedics service line, which is aimed at improving healthcare, as well as the fiscal performance. In addition, when building a facility, it can be designed in the desired manner, he nce avoiding conflict of interest. Finally, once the hospital builds the orthopedic facility, it officially belongs to them, and can lease any extra space available. Advantages of buying space for the new orthopedic service line When buying space, the advantage is that fixed costs are included in the contact, and therefore, the management is aware of the amount to be spent. In addition, the management can rent out additional spaces, which increase their financial returns. Buying space can be attractive, as the building is readily

Ethics of the Sale of Body Parts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Ethics of the Sale of Body Parts - Essay ExampleThe Anatomical Gift Act, drafted in 1968 was the initial parturiency made in an attempt to give a tissue and harmonium donation policy (Talbot, 2012). It created a uniform legal procedure for people who wished to present organs to medical institutions. In this act that is operational in up to fifty states, it states that a person of sound mind and 18 years of fester can donate part or all of his system. The donor may put his wish to donate a body part in a will that is operational only upon his death. This act forbade the sale of body split, but the recipient of the donated body part is to pay for the transportation of the donated organ or body part. Organs and tissues can only be received by surgeons, hospitals, physicians and educational institutions in medical or dental research. There is also a bailiwick Organ Transplant Act of 1984 that provides funds for the establishment of organ procurement organization. The act also bann ed the sale of organs between states and established a task force to enforce policy issues regarding organ transplantation. The following body parts can be donated in the United States. They include the heart, kidney, lungs, skin, eyes and the liver. These parts of the body get harvested as soon as unmatched and only(a) passes on and kick the bucket implanted onto someone else. Despite the medical and legal mechanisms that encourage organ donation, demand exceeds supply. It gets estimated that there are daily reports of deaths of up to 8 people as a result of waiting for a transplant that never came. On medical conditions associated with each body part to be donated, it is up to the doctor to decide if the body part if fit for transplanting. Regardless of ones affection when they die, some parts of their body may still get transplanted. Some infectious diseases, drug abuse history and general health of the donor become considered before acceptance of both donation. The lungs of a tobacco smoker may be turned down as chances of them being helpful are so minimal. To avoid such a scenario where body parts get rejected, it is crucial to note that an individual has to be healthy and medically fit to allow any of his body part donations. He or she should not have any history of drug use or abuses as this are contributory to rejection of a body part donation (Talbot, 2012). If one has kidney failure, he or she has to go through a bidding for the acquisition of a donated kidney to be transplanted. Kidney transplantation is the process where there is fixation of a healthy kidney from one person to another. The new kidney replaces the failed kidney. The process of acquisition of a transplant begins as soon as ones kidney fails. Transplantation as a result of failure depends on ones condition (Talbot, 2012). Some conditions make it impossible for implants. If implantation is possible, because the patient undergoes medical evaluation at the transplant center. The p re transplant process involves several weeks or even months. X-rays and blood samples get carried out to ascertain ones compatibility with the available donated kidneys. Evaluation of ones health and also of the donor gets done at this stage. Once the patient passes the medical evaluation and is a suitable recipient, but without a donor, then he or she is put on a waiting list for as long as a kidney is there from a dead donor. The duration of ones wait depends on ones location and the donors region (Petersen & Freckelton,2006). The length of

WORKPLACE TRAINING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

WORKPLACE TRAINING - Research Paper ExampleThe term is used in a widespread manner in various organizations these age and is one of the vital phenomena for the success of the work. Training pertains to the obtaining of skills, knowledge, and competencies as an outcome of the practical or vocational skills and the knowledge that refers to the particular functional competencies. Training at workplace relates to some special goals such as enhancing an individuals performance, capability and capacity. It builds the basis of apprenticeships and links with the provision of the fundamentals of employee improvement at the organizations.There are various types of training methods and the primary determinants of these types are associated to a greater extent to the organizations distinctiveness than to the characteristics of the individual worker. For instance, there are more formal training types addd in the larger organizations than the training modes available to employees in the smalle r companies. The small-scale organizations normally encourage employees to engage themselves in self-training. Moreover, it has been observed that the organizations that stress upon the development of employees skills offer more diverse opportunities of training than the companies which do not. Moreover, the organizations which possess a greater degree of unpredictability in the software environment are more likely to provide on-line training.The workplace training is an important element in the employee grooming, retention as well as satisfaction. It increases the employees commitment to the organization and develops their physical, cognitive and ghostly dimensions. Besides this, training is a significant aspect because it is aimed upon enhancing the employee performance, and contributes towards the organizational flexibility by adapting to the altering external and internal corporate environments. The training process at organization not

Business and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business and Management - Essay ExampleRecently UK government tried to privatise the proud mail partially. According to nobleman Peter Mandelson, the business secretary of the country, it is required to have a strategical partner for bringing a gale-force fresh air in the culture and counsel of the organisation (Tyler, February 3 2009). The main objective of privatising the organisation is to modernise it and improve its financial condition. UK government found that there is significant declination in royal mails popularity and demand as there is other advanced mode of communication like email has emerged. According to some analysts there is nigh 7 billion euro pension deficit in Royal mail. UK government provide various attractive benefits to royal mail so it stays leading in the competition. But according to experts the decision of making it modernise and atomise it by bringing a private sector company as the strategic partner might result to 40,000 to 50,000 job cut. As a co nsequence Communication Workers Union (CWU) asked the workers to go for a strike till the decision is reconsidered. The man and wife claimed that over 12,000 postal employees would go for strike in different cities like London, Edinburgh, Plymouth and Bristol (Hope, July 15 2009). In UK postal industry this is workers strike is a historical problem which is actually badly affecting the future of UK postal industry. Proper understanding and implementation of strategic human resource management would be the ultimate solution for this type of situation.Strategic human resource management is such a complex process that is continuously evolving and being discussed and studied by academic experts. There is no proper definition of Strategic human resource management as different people have different look regarding the topic. According to Wright and McMahan SHRM is The pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable the forms

Role war plays in art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role war plays in art - Research Paper ExampleHowever, one the main thematic concerns that are delivered finished the artwork either past or present has not changed with the main themes being glory, heroism, drama, suffering and sadness. These emotions emanate from the audience as they look at the different pieces of art and the artist should ensure that they draw on these main themes when working on art on war. War and so plays a very important part in art as it helps the artists showcase the different emotions and themes for a particular war or time through their works of art for the present and future generations which is the main purpose of artwork. This paper examines different works of art and analyses the main theme depicted by the works, the overall effect for the audience, the visual elements that the artwork presents, and the historical significance of the art.One of the most famous portraits is that done by Jacques-Louis David in 1802 of Napoleon that depicts Napoleon as a war hero and a savior of his people. The photos main theme is to show the heroic nature of Napoleon and also his manly aspect which the artist compounds unneurotic to form one major hero in the portrait (Keegan 89). In the portrait Napoleon is on a White Horse that is sitting on its hind legs and is directing other members of his battalion to efflorescence. There is a mountain and Napoleon is sitting on the bottom side also preparing to charge upward to what can be assumed to be enemy battalions that are charging downwards. His large red cloak swirls as it is being blown by the wind and he is holding on to the horse that is already sitting on its hind legs with one arm. This shows him as heroic since he is the one who is prepared to lead the charge and is in front of all the other soldiers as he looks behind to issue instructions. The fact that he also wears a crown to symbolize that he was the leader then also shows how heroic and courageous Bonaparte was. There is

Wu zholiu's orphan of asia and taiwanese students studying in japan Essay

Wu zholius orphan of asia and taiwanese students studying in japan - Essay ExampleThis one is a masterpiece that Taiwanese literature shall unceasingly cherish.The Taiwanese Literature, as we know it today, developed in 1920s. The writers during that period reflected on Japans role as a colonizer, Wu Zhouliu does the same. The Taiwanese literature was as influenced by the culture of Japan, which was forced by Japan, as by the need to voice its identity. The Taiwanese literature was trying to break the image of Taiwan as extended Japan while at the same time most of the works were in either Japanese or usually had element of Japanese. Wu Zhouliu, too, was overmuch better in Japanese than in Chinese but his works were rebellious, indicating Japanese as oppressors of Taiwanese. The Taiwanese literature was a means for peaceful rebellion, by and by the violent methods to drive Japanese out of their land failed, and the task is successfully carried forward by Orphan of Asia. Thus, the work not just adds on to the main reason for evolution of Taiwanese literature-rebellion against their colonizer, but it also takes up the task of representing Taiwan under Japan as it was to the future generations.Taiwan was occupied by Japan from China for fifty years (1895-1945) before it was handed over to China again. As long as Taiwan was the colony of Japan, Taiwanese remained uncomplete Japanese nor Chinese. Their identity as Taiwanese was all too obliterated. This situation of Taiwanese is well depicted in Orphan of Asia, where the protagonist-Tai-ming was confused about his identity. The writer uses the word orphan to indicate that with no identity of its own Taiwanese were orphan, they had been divide from their mother-China, and their colonizers never accepted them as one of them. Not just were they separated from their roots (China), but also their roots never accepted them back. Tai-ming believes that his roots are in China and hence is ready to make any render for his roots but it is ironic that he shall not disclose

U.S. History of Building Construction and Fire Safety Essay Example for Free

U.S. invoice of Building Construction and stimulate Safety EssayThe construction of modern expressions has been constantly modify in providing world class architectural designs and durable construction materials that can help structures withstand earthquakes and even conflagrate hazards. It is the prime responsibilities of engineers and architects to ensure the buildings safety. Presence of skyscrapers and other high-rise buildings have become symbols of urban landscape. In formulation the construction of buildings the safety of the occupants should al itinerarys be consider. That is why there atomic number 18 building codes and specific safety measures and devices to make the buildings safe from danger. Building disasters usu onlyy comes from natural cause like earthquakes that is why earthquake proof buildings were constructed. Others atomic number 18 referable to human factors brought by neglect or by terrorist attacks which can cause enhance explosions inside build ing infrastructures. The U. S. history of building constructions had underg matchless necessary improvements and adjustments to their construction and planning in the passage of years to meet the safety standards of buildings therefore reducing the casualties in times of disasters.Fire safety and preservation of peoples lives ar now the main focus in building structures and has been the greatest challenge for engineering science firms. It is the goal of developers, architects, engineers and safety officials to conform to safety codes to prevent lost of lives cod to draw out and earthquake hazards. Building decamps and structure failure ar investigated and analyzed to understand the factors that contri excepte to the catastrophe.The investigations go out establish the likely technical causes of the building failures and appreciate the technical aspects of emergency response and evacuation procedures in the wake of such failures. The goal is to encouraged improvements to the way in which buildings atomic number 18 designed, constructed, maintained and used. (National Institute Of Standards and Technology, 2008) History of Building Construction Changes in the Context of Fire Safety and Prevention Fire shelterion engineers with the help of science and technology develop means to protect people and property from fire.In designing new buildings or renovations to existing buildings, fire security measures engineers develop the plan for fire breastplate. Fire fortress engineering has evolved largely over the past several centuries. Early application of fire protection engineering was intended to prevent conflagrations that could destroy whole cities. In the early(a) 1900s, the primary objective of fire protection engineering was to rebound fire to its building of origin. As fire protection engineering advance, this objective was refined to limit a fire to its object or room of origin.However it wasnt until the later part of the 20th century that fire protection engineering had grow to the point that it included the fundamental tenets of professional and personal discipline. (Hurley, 2008) In 1800 English inventor John Carry designed the first crude automatic sprinkler but it went underdeveloped for a long period of time. In 1852 a patent was issued for first sprinkler-perforated pipe system which was the first recognized installation of fire protection equipment. In 1921 California passed a law forbidding wooden shingles on roofs but pressure from the roofing industry brought repeal.(Aurora Regional Fire Museum, 2008) A comparison of the 1968 and the 2003 New York city building code was conducted where the reference standards, compartmentation, construction, means of egress, fire suppression systems, fire alarm detection, signaling systems, emergency power and locoweed and heat venting are analyzed. Reference standards include the standard method of fire test for construction materials, standards test for surface burning ch aracteristic of building materials, installation of fire doors and windows.It also dealt with installation of air-conditioning and ventilating systems, installation of sprinkler systems, standpipe, water supplies, dumbbell detection, alarm and extinguishing systems. Safety codes for elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators and moving walks are also improved continuously. Occupancies are classified if they are primary occupants or secondary. Occupancy separation is also important. Roof construction including beams, trusses and framing, arches, dome, shells, cable that supported roofs and roof decks also. Fire and smoke dampers are also important. Means of egress is also evaluated.The required width of the means of egress should not be obstructed or reduce in both manner. Every floor area should also be provided with at least two approved independent exits. (NIST, 2008) Examples of Major Cases in U. S. History That Led To Changes in Building Construction Major cases of fire incidents happ en in different settings like hotel, industrial areas, hospitals, warehouses, restaurants, night clubs, and high-rise buildings. High-rise building fires differ from walk-up building fires. A high rise building can be described as structure more than 75 feet high while supernal ladder reaches only 75 feet.People trapped in a burning high rise building who cannot be reached by the highest ladder will usually leap to their deaths or remain trapped inside the buildings. (High-rise Fires, 2008) Interstate Bank Building Fires in Los Angeles, California The Interstate Bank Building Fire in Los Angeles, California that happened May 4, 1988 was one of the most destructive high-rise fires in recent United States history. The fire presented the greatest electromotive force for a high-minded inferno scenario of any U. S. fire experience and was controlled by means of massive and manual fire suppression efforts.It demonstrated the absolute need for automatic sprinklers to provide protectio n for tall buildings. The fire destroyed four floors and damaged fifth floor of the modern 62 story First Interstate Bank Building in L. A. , claimed one life, injured approximately 35 occupants and 14 fire personnel, and resulted in property loss of over $50 million. The interior design was found to be a large open area with readily combustible contents that contributed to quick fire growth. The sound-power emergency phone system was also ineffective. Radio intercourse were overtaxed and disrupted by buildings steel frame. (High-Rise Fires, 2008)One Meridian inwardness Fire One Meridian Plaza Fire document was one of the most significant high-rise fires in the United States history. The fire claimed the lives of three Philadelphia firefighters and gutted eight floors of a 38 story fire resistant building causing an estimated $ 100 million in direct property loss and business interruptions. This fire was a large scale realization of fire risks that have been set on other similar occasions. The most significant new information from this fire relates to the vulnerability of the systems that were installed to provide electrical power and the support fire protection effort.In this incident there was an early loss of normal electric power, a failure of the emergency generator and a major problem with the standpipe system, which all contributed to the final outcome. (High-rise Fires, 2008) Rockefeller Center High-Rise Fire On October 10, 1996, an electrical fire in the landmark Rockefeller Center in New York City required a five alarm response by FDNY to control the fire. The damage was cause by five separate fires in various electrical rooms that caused significant disruption to a major television network. At approximately 4 a. m.on Thursday October 10, 1996 an electrical fire occurred at 30 Rockefeller Center Plaza in New York City. Several fires broke out in five remote locations, filling many areas of the building with smoke. The fires presented a challenge f or the New York City fire department because of the varied locations of simultaneous fires and the enigmatic layout of the building. The Rockefeller Center is actually a complex building that is interconnected. This incident as analyzed by the NFPA has deficient circuit protection, failure of the building alarm system to transmit the alarm, lack of smoke detection in the areas of the fire.If the fires have been detected earlier, they probably would have been easier to extinguish. The confusing building layout made the fire fighters to have a difficult time locating the fires. (High-Rise Fires, 2008) The World interchange Center Fire The collapse and fire incidence of New Yorks Citys World good deal Center structures following the terrors attacks of September 11, 2001 was the worlds worst building disaster in recorded history killing about 2,800 people. More then 350 fire and emergency responders were among those killed, the largest lost of life for this group in a single inciden t.In response to the WTC tragedy, the National Institute Of Standards And Technology conducted a 3-year building and fire safety investigation to study the factors contributing to the probable cause of side impact collapse of the WTC towers (WTC 1 and ) and WTC 7 expanded its research in areas of high priority need such as saloon of progressive collapse, fire resistance and retrofit of structures, and fire resistive coatings for structural steel and is reaching out to the building and fire safety communities to pave the way for timely expedited considerations of recommendations stemming from the investigation.(NIST, 2008) 9/11 Terrorist Attacks Impact to Building Construction The goal of NIST or National Institute of Standards And Technology was to investigate the building construction, the material used, and the technical conditions that contributed to the outcome of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster. It will serve as the basis for improvements in the way buildings are design ed, constructed, maintained and used. The revision of codes, standards, practices and improved human beings safety are recommended.The primary objectives of the NIST-led technical investigation of the WTC disaster are to determine why and how WTC 1 and 2 collapsed following the initial impact of the aircraft and why and how WTC 7 collapsed. Determining the reason why the injuries and fatalities where so high or low depending on the location, including all technical aspects of fire protection, occupant behavior, evacuation, and emergency response. Identify as specifically as possible areas in building and fire codes, standards and practices that are still in use and essential revisions.(NIST, 2008) The eight major groups of recommendations included are 1. ) Increased structural integrity, 2. ) Enhanced fire resistance of structures, 3. ) New methods for fire resistance design of structures 4. )better active fire protection 5. ) cleanse building evacuation 6. )Improve emergency res ponse 7. ) Improve procedures and practices and lastly 8. )Continuing education and training for fire safety. The standard for estimating the load effects of potential hazards like progressive collapse or winds and the design of structural systems are observed.Enhanced fire resistance of structures involves procedures and practices used to ensure the fire resistance of structures. It is heighten by improving the technical basis for construction classification and fire resistance ratings. New methods for fire resistance design of structures includes practices used in fire resistance design of structures. Performance based methods are an alternative to prescriptive design methods. (NIST, 2008) This effort should include the development and evaluation of new fire resistive coating materials and technologies.Evaluation of the fire performance of conventional and high performance structural materials was conducted. Improved active fire protection systems like sprinklers, standpipes/hose s, fire alarms, and smoke management systems should be enhanced thorough improvements to design, performance and reliability. Improve building evacuation should be improved to include system designs that facilitate safe and quick egress. Methods of ensuring clear and timely emergency communications to occupants are encourage together with better occupant preparedness for evacuation during emergencies.Incorporation of appropriate egress technologies was observed. Improved emergency response technologies and procedures should be improved to enable better access to buildings, response operations, emergency communications, and command control in large scale emergencies. Improve procedure and practices are used in the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of buildings. (NIST, 2008) Conclusion Analyzing the factors that cause building fires is necessary to help reduce the number of casualties and loss of property.There are many organizations responsible in supporting engineers and building construction firms to ensure the safety of their buildings from fire hazards. These include NFPA (National Fire security Association), NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology), ASTM (American purchase order for Testing and Materials), ICC (International Code Council) and UL (Underwriters Laboratories) a product safety testing and certification organization and the Skyscraper Safety Campaign.Different incidence of high-rise building disasters provides firefighters with experience of the extent of damage and how to prevent the disasters to happen again. Safety measures and upgrade of fire safety equipment in building construction should be prioritized. The lessons learned from various building fire cases can provide background knowledge of the factors contributing to fire incidence. The most recent and the worst building fire case is the World Trade Center fires which exposed the vulnerability of public buildings to uncontrolled fires, explosions and other terrorist attacks.(NIST, 2008) Firefighters and building developers should keep in mind the factors that contribute to success or failure of fire disaster prevention and response. This include basic things like firefighter extinguishment, emergency response, heating and ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVACs), standpipe system, portable radios, building construction and evacuation strategy. These factors contribute to the quality and standard of building constructions fire safety and prevention.There are many threats to buildings safety but there are applicable means to reduce the destructive impact of building fire hazards and collapse. Coordination between the government officials, inspectors, fire protection engineers and developers limits the chances for building fires and accident. Buildings safety is achievable by reducing the risks of fire and danger to peoples lives.ReferencesGrosshandler, W. , (2003). Abstract Research and Development for the Safety of Threatened Buildings. Building and Fire Research Laboratory. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http//www. fire. nist. gov/ Hurley, M. , P. E. S. F. P. E. , (2008). Fire Protection Engineering. National Institute Of Building Sciences. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http//www. wbdg. org/ Construction Organizations. (2008). Dezignare. com. Retrieved October 6, 2008, from http//www. dezignare. com/ Executive Summary Final Report of the National Construction Safety Team on the Collapses of the World Trade Center Towers (Draft). (2004).NIST And the World Trade Center Publications. Retrieved October 4, 2008, from http//wtc. nist. gov. / Final Plan Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation. (2008) National Institute of Standards and Technology Retrieved October 4, 2008, from http//wtc. nist. gov/ Fire through the Ages A Timeline. (2008). Aurora Regional Fire Museum. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http//www. auroregionalfiremuseum. org/ High-Rise Fires. (2008). Special Fires. Retrieved Octobe r 8, 2008, from http//www. iklimnet. com/

Transgenderism and homosexuality in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq Essay Example for Free

Transgenderism and homo knowledgeableity in capital of Kuwait, Saudi-Arabian Arabia, Iran and Iraq EssayIntroductionIn this paper I testament address the issues of transgenderism and homo conjure upuality. These issues argon quite controversial and military flummox to them is diametrical in distinct countries of the world. It should be mentioned that attitude to internal minorities is different in different countries of the world and varied though time.Brief Outline of the Homo elicitual and Transgender IssuesThe first question under discussion is the homosexual relations. We can observe a striking number of laws, intended to regulate the relations between people of the same sex. In some countries this is ingested quite approveable. People of the same sex be plain allowed to marry legally and even adopt children. In the other communities the attitude to the same-sex relations is completely different and homosexuals can even be punished with the closing penalty for their homosexual conduct. The fist laws on same-sex relations date back to 600 BC in ancient Crete and Sparta. These were the first laws allowing adult men to participate in the same sex relations (Rothblatt, 1995).In the majority of the Western cultures same-sex relations are tolerated and trans influenceion a person a gay or a lesbian can be considered even sufficient enough for a libel lawsuit, like this happened in case of Jason Donovan and Liberace, who won the case against the newspaper calling them gays (Rothblatt, 1995).However, we cant say that homosexual relations are always tolerated. The first laws against same-sex relations date back to 550 BC, when homosexuals were called Leviticus and punished with the remnant penalty. Many scholars connect this difference in attitudes to a distinction between Judaism and Paganism. Pagan theologys unremarkably consider same-sex relations to be radiation pattern, while Judaism, Christianity and Islam blame people for the same -sex relations.One more issue under discussion in this paper is transgenderism, which can be briefly defined as a social movement, which is intended to support transgender dears and open fire self-esteem of transgender people.One more definition, which Id like to mention, is the one proposed by Martine Rothblatt in her book Apartheid of Sex, where she defines transgenderism as a grassroots policy-making movement seeking transgender rights and affirming transgender pride (Rothblatt, 1995). On the other hand, transgenderism, is usually used to denote a phenomenon of gender identity disorder. This definition is supported by the world(prenominal) Journal of Transgenderism.Transsexualism is also a subject matter of the study in this paper. It is usually defined as a condition, when individuals identify themselves with the physical sex different from the one of their birth. After the sexual revolution in Western Europe, which took place in the end of 20th century transsexualism becam e a recognized purpose, however, in umteen other countries of the world it is still a taboo due to the religious and cultural norms accepted in the definite country (Lang, 1997).Quite close to the notion of transsexualism is the notion of transvestism, which is defined as a practice of cross- bandaging, when a person wears the cloths of the opposite sex and thus associates him/herself with the individual of the opposite sex.Transgenderism and Homosexuality in the midriff eastboundIt should be mentioned that attitude to homosexuals, transgender people and transvestites differ from country to country. While the attitude to them in the West European cultures is quite moderate, Eastern cultures usually do not accept them. This is greatly due to the great influence of religion on the lives of all people. Islam has stricter rules concerning the sexual life of individuals be it people with traditional sexual orientation, transgender people or homosexuals. A lot depends also on the posi tion of the politics and their attitude to sexual minorities.The issues of transgenderism and homoeroticism are quite different, which leads even to different attitudes towards them found on the Quran interpretation.The Quran considers approaching males in lust, as well as the castration of males, as the sin of the people of Lot (Quran 781, 26165-166, 2755, 2928-29). On the other hand its quite acceptable under the Quran to use as passive sex partners the ancient category of men who by nature neglected desire for women, since such men were not considered male due to the incident that they lacked of stimulant for women. These kinds of men are often known as gays today, but in the ancient world they were identified as anatomically whole natural eunuchs (Malik, 2007).Also these men, who lack arousal for women, are called ghair oolaa il-irbati min ar-rijaali (Quran2431) which translates as without the defining skill of males (Malik, 2007). These men are by Islam allowed to see wo a dult male naked. Islam is extremely against a man visual perception any part of a woman if they are not directly related or wed, to the extent where, in some translations, the woman has to even screen door her hair with a scarf. This only proves the occurrence that Islam doesnt consider these individuals as me. They belong to their own category, which is not is not regulated by the rules of the Quran.The reason of insufferable attitude of the Quran to homosexual relations lies in the interpretation of marriage. Moslem people strongly believe in heterosexual marriage, and do not accept sexual activity before marriage between a man and woman. Since there cant be any marriage between the persons be to the same sex, sexual relations between a man and man or woman and woman are also prohibited.As a get out many Muslim Middle Eastern nations consider LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) issues as a crime which is punished by fines or by imprisonment. In some countries homo sexuality is even punished by the death penalty. Examples of such countries are Afghanistan, Iran, united Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Yemen (Brown, 2005).Some researchers explain why nations of the Middle East do not accept sexual minorities in the following way many Middle Eastern nations did not gain full independence until the 1960s1970s and those nations that were interconnected and in bloodsucking were focused on foreign policy conflicts and economic development. (Brown, 2005).Moreover, most Middle Eastern nations were authoritarian regimes based on Moslem fundamentalism. olibanum gay citizens had little or no free democratic institutions to openly influence public policy. Political parties or organized were prohibited. Moderate nations that allowed for some gradation of political and social freedom never extended to any challenge to the laws and opinion regarding sexual orientation (Brown, 2005).In this paper I will consider in more detail the issues associated with h omosexuality and transgenderism in four countries of the Middle East, namely Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq.Transgender and Homosexual Issues in KuwaitThe fist country, which I will analyze in regard with its attitude to LGBT issues, is Kuwait. It should be mentioned that the attitude of Kuwaiti people towards sexual minorities is generally shaped by Islam and the judicature. Kuwait is 85% Muslim (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). As it was already mentioned Islam does not tolerate homosexuality and in some cases transgenderism is associated as homosexual way as well.The other factor, which influences the attitude to LGBTs, is the government. Kuwait is a constitutional emirate, (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007) functioning under authoritative document that contains all the laws determining the trading operations and limits of that government. Also, the Kuwaiti government is a government where superpower and the final word belongs to the emir ( roughly translated as prin ce, but means the ruler of the state). what is more, the legal system is a civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters(Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). This technically means that Islamic laws would interfere with personal issues such as a persons sexual orientation.Homosexuality in Kuwait is abominable and punished (International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, 2002). An example of such an incident where homosexuality was punished and discriminated against occurred in February 2005, where the police charged a group of 28 alleged homosexuals with creating a public disturbance after they met right(prenominal) a fast-food restaurant.On October 27, police raided a party where homosexuals were allegedly celebrating a wedding. On December 10, the legislative committee of the National Assembly unanimously approved a law to impose a fine of $3,450 (1,000 dinars) and/or one years imprisonment for those imitating the opposite sex (Reports and Musings from the Veteran Gay and AIDS Human Rights Advocate, 2007).In the case of transgender, however, the attitude is a bit milder. Thus, the legal stand is that it is appropriate to treat transgender people medically if it possible. But in some cases the problem of a transgender person is entirely now denied.The Kuwaiti court recently had a case where a 25 year old man who underwent a sex change operation valued to be regarded as a woman. This ruling was overturned by the court under the belief that God decides gender and humans pass no right to change it.Ahmed is still a man, and the operation he had does not change the way he was created, even if it changed the way he looks to others, said Mohammed al-Tabtabai, the dean of Kuwaits shariah law College (Kuwait transsexual competitiveness for recognition, 2004)Transgenderism is still unclear and uncertain when it comes to the law and the government, in society, however, it is clearly unaccepted. An example of this can be seen from an in terview with a cross dressing kuwaiti male. In reference to his family, this cross dressing kuwaiti male says that,They (his parents) tolerated me as a child, thinking it was a result of growing up in an all-girls family. Eventually as I got older, they kicked me out of the house, but agreed to pay for my education abroad. They said what Im doing is extremely shameful, and while they love and forethought about me, they can no longer be seen with me. They dont like the embarrassment.I left right away, it was very hurtful. I was very dependent on my mother. I was also hurt because my sisters didnt help me when I thought they would. They are also embarrassed with me because students used to make fun of them at school, when they would pick me up from class (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007).Furthermore, in reference to teachers, he said They never helped me when others teased me. They treated me like I was a mentally ill child whenever Id request their help. I would play with the girls in the playground and the girls used to complain that its a just for girls game. Teachers would pick me up and throw me out (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007). Finally, In reference to his peers, they were the harshest. He stated I wish it was just teasing. I was overcome and very humiliated. After I came situation with a broken arm and nose, it was too dangerous for me to go to public school, so my parents forced me to switch to home schooling (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007).Although they are treated badly by society and the government, homosexuals and transsexuals actually take a stand and fight for their rights. Kuwaiti transsexuals and homosexuals cook applied for a permit to form their own association. They are hoping to get some protection from Kuwait law especially after the Kuwaiti sevens (Majles al Umma) decreed laws that criminalize changing to the third sex. (Improvisations Arab Woman Progressive Voice, 2007)Transgender and Homosexual Issues in Saudi ArabiaThe other country under discussion is Saudi Arabia, which is 100% Muslim. Its government type is a monarchy, under which all the power belongs to the monarch who controls the entire state. This monarchy is very strict and very harsh. Furthermore, the legal system in Saudi Arabia is based on the Sharia law, which is all based on a very strict version of Islam (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007).Saudi Arabia takes Islam to the extreme, to the point where the position of a woman is almost illegal. They are not allowed to walk out of the house without covering up, so one can only imagine the lack of tolerance Saudi Arabia would have for homosexuals.Homosexuality is severely punished, in some cases even with the death penalty. Moreover, the death penalty is carried out in a roughshod manner. In Saudi Arabia it is still accepted to stone homosexuals to death. An example of such a barbaric incidence occurred 7 years ago when the Saudi government imprisoned nine Saud i men and lashed them for engaging in cross-dressing and homosexual acts. Moreover, they execute three Yemeni male workers for homosexuality and child molestation.In addition, in April 2005, the government imprisoned a hundred men because they were at a private party that was most probably a same-sex wedding ceremony or a birthday party. Yet, not long after a gay foreign couple was sentenced to death for homosexuality and allegedly killing a man who was blackmailing them for homosexuality (Reports, stories and information for gay men in Saudi Arabia, 2007).The other accident of the death penalty for homosexual behavior happened in 1996, when one Saudi man was beheaded for homosexual behavior (Gay Marriagein Saudi Arabia? 2007).The attitude to transgenderism in Saudi Arabia is a bit different. The government also does not tolerate it, however, permits procedure for intersex people in case it is proven that this is a mental disorder. Saudi Arabia does not allow surgery for transsexua ls, but permits operations on people with an intersex condition (Usher, 2007).An extreme example of such surgeries took place to five sisters who wanted to change their sex to male. The doctor carrying out the surgery stressed that he just made gender correction rather than sex change operations. This doctor, Dr Jamal has preformed has performed over 200 sex change operations. However, as he states most of the operations were performed were on androgynous babies. Saudi Arabian, Dr Jamal, emphasized that these five girls were actually inter-sexed, and he would never perform surgery on people with normal genitalia but wanted to belong to the opposite sex, because as he states Islam did not allow people to change what God had created (Usher, 2007).Transvestism is severely punished. For example, Saudi man was given 200 lashes and 6 months in prison for cross dressing at a wedding party (Saudis Arrest 5 Pakistani TGs, 1998).Transgender and Homosexual Issues in IranThe other country, whic h is would like to describe regarding its attitude to LGBT issues, is Iran. The attitude to sexual minorities here is ambiguous. On the one hand homosexuality is punished by death on the other hand, Iran is the country, which legally performs sex change operations in the word.Iran is 98% Muslim (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). Its legal system is based on Sharia law, and its government is a theocratic republic, which is a form of government controlled by religious authority. Moreover, there is a Deity who is considered the supreme civil ruler, and his laws see by the mullahs (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007)Basically Iran is an extremely Muslim state, which explains completely the intolerable attitude of people and government to homosexuality. All sexual relations that occur outside of a traditional, heterosexual marriage (i.e. sodomy or adultery) are illegal and no legal distinction is made between consensual or non-consensual sexual activity. Homosexual relations that occur between consenting adults in private are a crime and carry a maximum punishment of death (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007).In addition, there are no civil rights legislation that exist in that disallow discrimination against homosexuals, and only negative depictions of homosexuality are allowed in the press. The concept of sexual orientation is not recognized in Iran, nor does the judiciary acknowledge the existence of LGBT people and instead believes that all people are normally heterosexual.Thus, they claim that homosexuality is a violation of the supreme will of their God. As a result, no laws exist that protect LGBT Iranians from discrimination, harassment, or bias-motivated violence, and as a theocratic political system, no such laws are permitted to exist. Most Iranian LGBT people remain in the closet about their sexual orientation for timidity of being the victims of discrimination, hate crimes, government sanctions, corporal punishment, and/or capital punishment.Male homosexuali ty is a crime punished by death, The way they are killed is usually barbaric, but ultimately decided by the Sharia judge. All homosexuals are punished by death unless they are not sane or are not adult. Juveniles who are accused and proved to have engaged in homosexual behavior are punishment with 74 lashes. (Articles 108 to 113) This is proved by justification or by the testimony of four righteous men only and not women.Different homosexuals acts have different levels of punishment. For instance Tafhiz, which is the rubbing of the thighs or buttocks, through with(p) by ii men is punished with 100 lashes. If this act is repeated four times then they will be punished with the death penalty. (Articles 121 and 122). Furthermore If two men simply stand naked under one cover together without touching or anything, they are punished with up to 99 lashes. If one man kisses another in a sexual way they are punishment with 60 lashes. (Articles 123 and 124).As for adolescents, in 2007 two t eenagers have been executed for homosexual behavior, (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007) even is this goes against the law stated earlier.Female homosexuality is punished less severely. Thus, women are usually punished with 100 lashes. However if the act is repeated more than three times then they will be punished with death. Women who stand naked under one cover without touching or any farther acts of lust and are not relatives are punished with 100 lashes. (Article 134) (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007).Real life examples that occurred in Iran of punishing homosexual behavior according to The Boroumand Foundation exceed 107 executions between 1979 and 1990. Moreover according to Amnesty International, at least 5 people convicted of homosexual tendencies, three men and two women, were executed in January 1990, as a result of the Iranian governments policy of calling for the execution of those who practice homosexuality. However, transsexuals are considered completely normal, greatly due to the f act that since 1980s transexuality is considered an illness that can be corrected by surgery (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007).Iran has between 15,000 and 20,000 transsexuals, according to official statistics. In addition Iran has more sex change operations than any country in the world next to Thailand. These operations have been legal since Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Islamic revolution, passed a fatwa legalizing them nearly 25 years ago, under the fact that the Quran says nothing about sex change operations for those who need them. Transsexuality is considered an illness, while an operation is the cure. Furthermore, not only does the government allow sex change operations, they fund it as well as the hormone therapy needed.An example of a transgendered person in Iran Mahyar. As a littler child Mahyar liked dressing up in womens clothes and playing with make-up. This obsession did not die, in fact it only increased over time, and as she got older she stated that I badly needed to do it but it had to be in secret, and now she wants to have a sex-change operation.Transgender and Homosexual Issues in IraqFinally, Id like to discuss one more country Iraq. It should be mentioned that homosexuality was considered legal in Iraq under Saddam Hussein until late 2001. However, afterwards the attitude towards it changed and became stricter due to the pressure from religious conservatives. Under the law passed in 2001 homosexuality was punished by imprisonment, and repeated convictions were defined to be punishable even by death.However, there were still no cases when homosexuals were punished with the death penalty. Hussein did not consider homosexuality to be a crime due to the fact that it was against the Secular Socialist beliefs of the Baath Party. Now the legal status of homosexuality is still a matter of severe dispute. Thus, we can see that homosexuality is not illegal in Iraq de jure, but still remains a taboo (Brown, 2005)The legal basis of Iraq co ncerning homosexual and transgender issues is quite controversial. On the one hand Iraq does not have a definite criminal or penal code concerning these issues. On the other hand this does not mean that sexual minorities have the same rights as people with traditional sexual orientation. This controversy arises from the inner controversy in the country. Thus, Iraq was a secular socialist dictatorship, but its life is generally ruled by the fundamentalist Islam.One prove of the intolerable attitude of the public towards sexual minorities can be seen in the event, which took place in 1993. Then Iraqs United Nations representatives opposed the International Lesbian Gay Associations application, when the latter tried to apply for consultative status as a non-governmental organization. The explanation of this act was simple based on our firm belief that the work of this organization runs counter to the beliefs of all divine religions. (Brown, 2005).ConclusionsSo, as we can see the attit ude to sexual minorities in Iraq is milder than in the other countries of the Middle East but still it is quite severe if compared with the Western Europe. Still the problem of treating homosexual and transgender issues exists. This is greatly because of the strong influence of the religion on the public and political life of the country. As Islam is quite a strict religion concerning the sexual life of the people, it makes the situation of the sexual minorities really hard. However, as we can see little by little homosexuals and transgender people still gain their rights and probably in the future their position in the Middle East will not be that dangerous.ReferencesBrown, Edward TJ. (2005). Iraq Sexual Orientation, Human Rights and the Law. Online. Available from http//www.sodomylaws.org/world/iraq/iqnews003.htm 30 November 2007. Central intelligence agency. The world factbook. Online. Available from https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ku.htmlPeople 3 0 November 2007.Improvisations Arab Woman Progressive Voice. News and Commentary on Arab Women, Palestine, Cultural Politics, and Everything in Between. Online. Available from http//arabwomanprogressivevoice.blogspot.com/2007/09/kuwaiti-boyaats-seek-to-unite.html 30 November 2007.International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (2002). Kuwait. positioning of Sexual Minorities. Amnesty International Report. Middle East and North Africa.Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual. Online. Available from http//www.mideastyouth.com/2007/07/21/interview-with-a-kuwaiti-transsexual 30 November 2007.Kuwait transsexual fighting for recognition. (2004). Online. Available from http//mostlyafrica.blogspot.com/2004/11/kuwait-transsexual-fighting-for.html 30 November 2007.Lang, Sabine. (1997). Two-Spirit People Native American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality. University of Illinois Press.LGBT Rights in Iran. Online. Available from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iran_note-7 30 December 2007.Malik, Faris. Queer Sexuality and Identity in the Quran and Hadith. Online. Available from http//www.well.com/user/aquarius/Qurannotes.htm 30 December 2007.Reports and Musings from the Veteran Gay and AIDS Human Rights Advocate. Online. Available from http//mpetrelis.blogspot.com/ 30 November 2007.Reports, stories and information for gay men in Saudi Arabia Online. Available from http//www.gaymiddleeast/country/saudiarabia 30 November 2007.Rothblatt, Martine (1995). Apartheid of Sex. Westview Press.Saudis Arrest 5 Pakistani TGs. (1998). PlanetOut Corporation.Usher, Sebastian. Gender correction for Saudi girls. Online. Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3814041.stm 30 November 2007.