Consecutive Numbers :: Papers

Consecutive Numbers Task 1 Problem 1 Write down 3 consecutive numbers. form the middle one. Multiply the first and the third number. Compare the two numbers, what do you notice? Problem 2 ========= Write down two consecutive numbers. shape both of the numbers and find the difference between the squares. What do you notice? Problem 1 ========= I am going to investigate several sets of leash consecutive numbers to see if the square of the middle is related to the product of the outer two numbers in any way. 9,10,11 10= 100 9x11= 99 3,4,5 I notice that the square of the middle number is always one more than the product of the other numbers. 4=16 3x5=15 18,19,20 19=361 18x20=360 1,2,3 2=4 1x3=3 30,31,32 31=961 30x32=960 1st Number 2nd Number 3rd Number 2nd number squared 1st number x 3rd number 9 10 11 100 99 3 4 5 16 15 18 19 20 361 360 1 2 3 4 3 30 31 32 961 960 I have put my results in a table so that they will be easier to analyse and compare. When you take three consecutive numbers, square the middle and multiply the outer two, the squared number will always be one more than the product of the outer two. If this rule is correct, then by using the three consecutive numbers 101,102,103, I predict that 102 will equal one more than 101x103. 101,102,103 102=10404 101x103= 10403 My prediction was correct as 102, 10404, is one more than 101x103, 10403.

Management Information :: essays research papers fc

Planning for Management Information SystemPlanning for Management Information SystemThe biggest repugn and most decisive success factor in reengineering projects are persuading the people within the organization to cooperate. When you begin to computerize a legacy trunk considers the advantages rock-bottom clerical cost, faster processing clip and improved customer service. Everyone knows that the computer capabilities alone make life a lot easier for all managers. The advantage of time and accuracy penetrate over the lifespan of the information ar postment means improved long-term vision and focus for top, middle and lower managers. A counsel information system (MIS) focus is on information that management needs to prepare its job. This task becomes much more difficult when the major players have a tradition of noble independence, are often confrontational to management, and are irreplaceable independent contractors. CIOs in major business organizations face exactly this s ituation raise complicated by the fact that the reengineering effort is crucial to the continued existence of the organization. Such discussion has driven the software industry to focus attention on software specifically designed to support the team approach essential to most service and customer oriented organizations. The importance of teamwork can not be over evince in achieving overall organizational goals, and the need to capture and manage an organizations knowledge base remain crucial. This teamwork enables the organization to achieve and sustain emulous advantage in their business. In considering the mannikin for an information system (IS) each level operating(a), tactical and strategic be after requires different IS. At the operational planning system, the IS collect, validate and say transactional data relating to acquisition or disbursement of resources. The data for account receivable and payables, payrolls, inventory level, shipping data, printed invoice and cash receipts enter as they occur. The operational-level IS symptomatic are repetitive, predictable, emphasizes the past and detailed in nature just to name a few. The focus of the operational system is the daily tasks performed at the user level. The operational level manager uses this data to check every day tasks, i.e. ordering, shipping, inventory control, the essence of the business processes.The second level in the framework is the tactical system. This system provide middle-level managers with information to monitor and control operation while allocating their resources efficiently. The data is summarized, aggregated, or analyzed with a wide range of reports, i.e., summary, exception and ah hoc reports. The tactical information system differs fromManagement Information essays research papers fc Planning for Management Information SystemPlanning for Management Information SystemThe biggest challenge and most critical success factor in reengineering projects are persuading the people within the organization to cooperate. When you begin to computerize a legacy system considers the advantages reduced clerical cost, quicker processing time and improved customer service. Everyone knows that the computer capabilities alone make life a lot easier for all managers. The advantage of time and accuracy spread over the lifespan of the information system means improved long-term vision and focus for top, middle and lower managers. A management information system (MIS) focus is on information that management needs to prepare its job. This task becomes much more difficult when the major players have a tradition of high independence, are often confrontational to management, and are irreplaceable independent contractors. CIOs in major business organizations face exactly this situation further complicated by the fact that the reengineering effort is crucial to the continued existence of the organization. Such discussion has driven the software industry to focus attention on software specifically designed to support the team approach essential to most service and customer oriented organizations. The importance of teamwork can not be over emphasize in achieving overall organizational goals, and the need to capture and manage an organizations knowledge base remain crucial. This teamwork enables the organization to achieve and sustain competitive advantage in their business. In considering the framework for an information system (IS) each level operational, tactical and strategic planning requires different IS. At the operational planning system, the IS collect, validate and record transactional data relating to acquisition or disbursement of resources. The data for account receivable and payables, payrolls, inventory level, shipping data, printed invoice and cash receipts recorded as they occur. The operational-level IS characteristic are repetitive, predictable, emphasizes the past and detailed in nature just to name a few. The focus of the operation al system is the daily tasks performed at the user level. The operational level manager uses this data to check every day tasks, i.e. ordering, shipping, inventory control, the essence of the business processes.The second level in the framework is the tactical system. This system provide middle-level managers with information to monitor and control operation while allocating their resources efficiently. The data is summarized, aggregated, or analyzed with a wide range of reports, i.e., summary, exception and ah hoc reports. The tactical information system differs from

George Frederick Handel :: essays research papers

George Frederick HandelGeorge Frederick Handel was born on February 24, 1685 in Halle, Germany.One of the crackingest composers of the late baroque period (1700-50) and, duringhis lifetime, perhaps the most internationally famous of all musicians. Handelwas born February 24, 1685, in Halle, Germany, to a family of no musicaldistinction. His own musical talent, however, expressed itself so clearly thatbefore his tenth natal day he began to receive, from a local organist, the onlyformal musical instruction he would ever have. Although his first job, beginningjust after his 17th birthday, was as church organist in Halle, Handels musicaltendencies lay elsewhere. Thus, in 1703 he traveled to Hamburg, the operaticcenter of Germany here, in 1704, he composed his own first opera, Almira, whichachieved great success the following year. Once again, however, Handel soon feltthe urge to move on, and his instincts led him to Italy, the birthplace ofoperatic style. He stopped first at Florence i n the autumn of 1706. In thespring and summer of 1707 and 1708 he traveled to Rome, enjoying the backing ofboth the nobility and the clergy, and in the late spring of 1707 he made an redundant short trip to Naples. In Italy, Handel composed operas, oratorios,and many small secular cantatas he ended his Italian visit with the stunningsuccess of his fifth opera, Agrippina (1709), in Venice. Handel left Italy for ajob as court composer and conductor in Hannover, Germany, where he arrived inthe spring of 1710. As had been the case in Halle, however, he did not hold thisjob for long. By the end of 1710 Handel had left for London, where with Rinaldo(1711), he once again scored an operatic triumph.After returning to Hannover he was granted permission for a second, shorttrip to London, from which, however, he never returned. Handel was forcedto face his truancy when in 1714 the elector at Hannover, his former employer,became King George I of England. The reconciliation of these deuce men ma y wellhave occurred, as has often been said, during a royal party on the River Thamesin 1715, during which the F major suite from Handels wet Music was probablyplayed. Under the sponsorship of the duke of Chandos, he composed his oratorioEsther and the 11 Chandos anthems for choir and string orchestra (1717-20). By1719 Handel had won the support of the king to start the majestic Academy of Musicfor performances of opera, which presented some of Handels greatest operasRadamisto (1720), Giulio Cesare (1724), Tamerlano (1724), and Rodelinda (1725).

English Language Learners Essay -- Education, ESL

Presently there is a procession number of side of meat Language Learners (ELLs) entry into classrooms totally over the country. According to the three research studies that I utilized, there are several varied assessment approaches for teaching ELLs in reading (Davis-Lenski, Ehlers-Zavala, Daniel, & Sun-Irminger, 2006 Dreher, & Letcher-Gray, 2009 Ebe, 2010). English Language Learners (ELLs) consistently struggle with some aspects of reading because, they lack background knowledge in terms of the generalized text selections, which they are often wedded (Davis-Lenski, Ehlers-Zavala, Daniel, & Sun-Irminger, 2006 Dreher, & Letcher-Gray, 2009 Ebe, 2010). The data across all three journal documents agrees that there is an achievement gap where ELLs are consistently performing at lower levels than their native-born communicatory peers (Davis-Lenski, Ehlers-Zavala, Daniel, & Sun-Irminger, 2006 Dreher, & Letcher-Gray, 2009 Ebe, 2010). Researchers seem to vary on how to instruct, and as sess students who are ELLs. One element that all of the authors concentrated on was seeking out the best practice(s) for using assessments to bring about effective instruction for ELLS (Davis-Lenksi, Ehlers-Zavla, Daniel, & Sun-Irminger, (2006), Dreher, & Letcher-Gray (2009) and Ebe 2010). There are 4.5 million ELLS currently enrolled in the public school systems in the United States, and the numbers are continuously rising due to the more than 1 million people who immigrant here each year (Davis-Lenski, Ehlers-Zavala, Daniel, & Sun-Irminger, 2006). Many teachers find themselves in unknown territory when it comes to instructing and assessing ELLs (Davis-Lenski, Ehlers-Zavala, Daniel, & Sun-Irminger, 2006). The passing of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) furth... ...lready stated, and all of them also have different assessment approaches included in their articles too. After reading all of the information I must say I think that all of the assessments, and the strategies and too ls associated with the articles, are all borne out of research-based instructional, and assessment methods and therefore they are all relevant to operative with ELLs per literacy (Davis-Lenski, Ehlers-Zavala, Daniel, & Sun-Irminger, 2006 Dreher, & Letcher-Gray, 2009 Ebe, 2010). I dont think any one of the assessments profiled in the three articles I researched, is anything better than the other. However I also think that although all of the techniques discussed are good solid research-based assessment tools one still has to understand that they will require applications which are well structured, and the most appropriate for that specific student.

H.D.: The Fusion of Classicism and Modernity Essay -- Hilda Doolittle

H.D. The Fusion of Classicism and advance(a)ity With foundations rooted deeply in an appreciation for and understanding of classicism, H.D. fused ancient classical literature, thinking and mythology with modernistic feminism, bisexuality and psychoanalysis to establish for herself a prominent voice among her contemporaries. Born Hilda Doolittle in 1886 to Helen and Charles Doolittle, her education was fostered by the intellectual curiosity of her parents (an operative and an astronomer, respectively) and the proximity of The University of Pennsylvania. Closely associated with poet Ezra Pound, she spent much of her adult and professional life surrounded by literary contemporaries. Doolittle was a woman whose work was not hold in to a single interest but instead expanded to envelop several of the most outstanding facets of modernism the exploration of women within a literary movement, the exploration of homosexuality and the exploration of self through psychoanalysis. H.D.s major contribution to modernism is most often recognized as her use of poetic imagery. After only two years at Bryn Mawr, H.D. moved to England, where much of her poetry was written. Pound, a close friend and twice-fiance not only facilitated her acceptation into the literary circles of expatriate American writers, but also her entrance into the literary world. Affixing the signature H.D., Imagiste, Pound submitted H.D.s early verses to Harriet Monroes Poetry Magazine, which were accepted and print (Scott). Her poetry remains at the forefront of the imagist branch of modernism, a division whose writers dedicate themselves to the direct treatment of the subject, the prohibition of any word that not congenital to the presentati... ...//www.literaryhistory.com/20thC/HD.htm http//www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=238 Works Cited A Brief Biography Of H.D. < http//www.imagists.org/hd/bio.htmlBryan, Marsha. Modern American Poetry.Doolittle, Hilda. Asphodel. Edi tor Spoo, Robert. Durham Duke University Press, 1992. pp. ix-xix.Doolittle, Hilda. Collected Poems 1912-1944 Martz, Louis L. New York New Directions. Pp. 39, 118, 128, 281.H.D. Poetry Exhibit <http//www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=238Levertov, Denise. H.D. An Appreciation Modern Critical Views H.D. Bloom, Harold. New York Chelsea House Publishers.Scott, Bonnie Kime. About H.D.s Life and Career Bryan, Marsha. Modern American Poetry. <http//www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/hd/life.htm

H.D.: The Fusion of Classicism and Modernity Essay -- Hilda Doolittle

H.D. The Fusion of Classicism and advancedity With foundations rooted deeply in an appreciation for and understanding of classicism, H.D. fused ancient Greek literature, thinking and mythology with modernistic feminism, bisexuality and psychoanalysis to establish for herself a prominent voice among her contemporaries. Born Hilda Doolittle in 1886 to Helen and Charles Doolittle, her education was fostered by the intellectual curiosity of her parents (an artificer and an astronomer, respectively) and the proximity of The University of Pennsylvania. Closely associated with poet Ezra Pound, she spent much of her adult and professional life surrounded by literary contemporaries. Doolittle was a woman whose work was not moderate to a single interest but instead expanded to envelop several of the most outstanding facets of modernism the exploration of women within a literary movement, the exploration of homosexuality and the exploration of self through psychoanalysis. H.D.s major contribution to modernism is most often recognized as her use of poetic imagery. After only two years at Bryn Mawr, H.D. moved to England, where much of her poetry was written. Pound, a close friend and twice-fiance not only facilitated her credence into the literary circles of expatriate American writers, but also her entrance into the literary world. Affixing the signature H.D., Imagiste, Pound submitted H.D.s early verses to Harriet Monroes Poetry Magazine, which were accepted and published (Scott). Her poetry remains at the forefront of the imagist branch of modernism, a division whose writers dedicate themselves to the direct treatment of the subject, the prohibition of any word that not crucial to the presentati... ...//www.literaryhistory.com/20thC/HD.htm http//www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=238 Works Cited A Brief Biography Of H.D. < http//www.imagists.org/hd/bio.htmlBryan, Marsha. Modern American Poetry.Doolittle, Hilda. Asphodel. Editor Spo o, Robert. Durham Duke University Press, 1992. pp. ix-xix.Doolittle, Hilda. Collected Poems 1912-1944 Martz, Louis L. New York New Directions. Pp. 39, 118, 128, 281.H.D. Poetry Exhibit <http//www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=238Levertov, Denise. H.D. An Appreciation Modern Critical Views H.D. Bloom, Harold. New York Chelsea House Publishers.Scott, Bonnie Kime. About H.D.s Life and Career Bryan, Marsha. Modern American Poetry. <http//www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/hd/life.htm

Car Bumper Design – materials and specifications

Bumpers argon safety features fixed to the front and back of vehicles. They ar fancy to take a certain amount of impact from a collision by acting as dampers. To improve expertness and performance modern bumpers atomic number 18 human body to be aerodynamic and cheap. By developing wind channels in the bumper way can be used to provide more deal and stability for a safer drive. Modern bumpers are also design to be interchangeable after impacts for utter cost repair. Car manufactures tend to design their bumpers from thermoplastics as it is cheaply made and adsorbs impacts more effectively.To design an efficient bumper all possible environmental and unforeseen circumstances most be taken into account.Material conditionSince metal components were more used in the design of larger vehicles a polymer based material was selected. This allowed for cheaper and easier manufacture components.To select the appropriate polymer for the bumper the fallowing applications had to be look at to obtain an overall purpose of the bumper.* Vehicle car crash Frontal-impact showsTo protect pedestrians from low speed frontal-impacts standard test are performed on the front of cars. Bumpers are subject to impacting a dummy at knee height. If there isnt enough impact absorption in the bumper resulting in a broken leg test failure will occur. To combat this application materials with high absorption and tensile strength is look at first. 1* Environmental factorEnvironmental factor involves a range of different topics for this project the main ones will be focus ono Recycling or disposal of the material safely and cheaply. A polymer that is commonly recyclable with low disposal costs.o Protection of the material for weather conditions. Nearly all plastic experience UV degrading from the sun or micro fractures occurring from frost over time. Finding the highest resilient polymer and adding additives should solve this problem for a suitable polymer.* Manufacturing ProcessDuring t he manufacturing process the polymer will have to gift awake treatment, compression and shearing processes. Preferably a polymer with a high thaw flow index and a low melting temperature. This would allow for cheaper heat up cost and quicker cycle times.Mechanical PropertiesTo obtain the required specification of the polymer required the fallowing standard tests are performed.Property ASTM* Melt flow index D1238* tensile strength D638* Tensile modulus D638* Flexural strength D790* Flexural Modulus D790* Notched Izod impact test D256Material SelectionAfter researching different polymers and comparing mechanical properties it was lay out that Polypropylene polymer was in the first place used in manufacturing of bumpers.PP (Polypropylene)Polypropylene is highly common material in manufacturing from furniture to carpets. The reason for its popularity is its low cost, do it suitable for the production of bumpers.Manufacturing methodsPP is suitable for extrusion, guesswork mete and vacuum forming. It has a high melt flow index which allows for quicker flow through the mould. This optimises time between granulated polymer entering and release as a component. Its low melting point allows for cheaper heating costs.Mechanical propertiesThe mechanical properties for PP show high impact resistance even in low temperatures. The material is stiff, and the properties are kept over a wide temperature range. These properties allow for the polymer to experience enough flexibility to absorb small impacts while returning to its accredited shape. cleanMelt flow index26.8 g/10minTensile strength33.0 MPaFlexural strength49.0 MPaNotched Izod impact test2.00 kJ/mMelting point159 CTable 1Environmental factorPP experience small amount of UV degradation but this is relatively small compared to other polymer to solve this additives are added. Though this adds advertise costs the benefits of the other properties compensates for loses. 3PP is considered a type 5 plastic for re cycling. It is commonly recycled fulfilling the environmental factor.DisadvantagesWhen coating and painting the finished component it is found that polypropylene is hard to work with. Colours and dies have to be added at the right time and temperature for quality assured product.AlternativeABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) exhibits a lot of PP properties. only due to high UV degradation additives are added increasing costs.Process selectionManufacturing of polymer components involve a verity of different ways. Through research injection-compression casting was the most commonly used form of manufacturing a bumper. shaft-compression mouldingFig 11. Support wall for injection and apposing compression clamp of mould2. redact with coolant implement-accessible3. Main clamping forcing that applies pressure on the mould to counter react the force of injection4. Second clamping forcing applied after injection mould process is complete. This further compresses the polymer in the mou ld. Due to a larger surface area more pressure is exerted completely filling the mould.5. Secondary hydraulic ram6. Locking levers7. haul Bar for supporting movement of clamp8. Lock of point9. Primary Hydraulic ram10. Back support wallInjection MouldingInjection moulding involves the feeding in of granulated ABS into the feed hopper. As it is funnelled down the polymer enters the cork screw were it is slowly force up the shaft. During this process the polymer is slowly heat by the heaters surrounding the shaft. At the end the polymer is heated enough to melting temperature allowing for flow to occur. By the cork screw constantly compressing the polymer all air bubbles are force out resulting in a uniform flow of polymer been extruded through the tropical tropical sprue into mould.Compression mouldingOn entering the mould the polymer is forced to spread out to fill the mould. In conventional injection moulding the polymer would only fill about 96% of the mould. By having a range ial capable mould the existing polymer in the mould can then be compress completely filling the mould. 2By combing these two process techniques compression-injection moulding is performed.PropertiesMoulding machines with clamping range from 8000KN to 13000KN and a shot capacity up to 4000g m/s.SuppliersEngel, Demag, Klockner, Windsorhttp//www.sumitomo-shi-demag.eu/products/AlternativeThermoforming forming of the product by place a heated blank carpenters plane of the polymer over the mould and through suction creating the componentBumper drawingsThe fallowing drawings show the basic model of the part been produced. The overall thickness of the bumper throughout was taken as 10mm. The part had to be design to suit the mould so the polymer could flow easy. This involved keeping a constant flow of lines so no corners would be frame and fairly uniform surfaceFig. 1 Auxiliary view of bumperFig. 2 BumperMould designDesigning and constructing the mould requires highly precise work in bo th physical and theatrical ends of the process. To break even on cost a mould has to withstand a prolong cycle time. To achieve this distance of time attention product quality most be reliable.Fig. 3 Mould and bumperCreating the mould involve the fallowing design parameters* Shape of bumper and tolerances* Mould had to be design for injection process* Direct gate hot runner injection agreement for funnelling the melted polymer from the injection system to the mould. By insulating the mould from the runner the temperature of the sprue can be maintained allowing the same left over material to be injected into the next product.* A draft angle throughout the mould and the sprue to allow for easy release. 1 per side of the sprue* Cooling system to allow for uniform temperature during cooling* It was desire not to have sharp corners in the mould as it reduces the bumper strength while creating mould flow problems* Type of tool steel* Surface finishMould drawingsTo gain a proficient und erstanding of the environment in the mould finite element modelling would have to be applied. This would give a computer aided design of the melt flow analysis throughout the mould, expected expansion and compression forces exerted during the process and cycle time predictionFig. 4 Top of mould designed so internal dimensions of the bumper was takenFig. 5 Bottom of mould designed so external dimensions of the bumper was takenFig. 6 Assembly of mouldBumper Mould specification trade name TypeSteel H13 was selected as it has long cycle life and shows great resistance to constant temperatures, wear, cracking and thermal shock. All these properties are associated with the manufacturing process. 5Injection systemDirect gate system. Reduces risk of blockage and allows for easy maintenance.Ejection SystemRobotic machine to extract the bumper from the mould with the use of suction pads. This allow for constant machine operation.Surface FinishingHigh gloss finish to ensure a polished surface on bumper and reduction of the bumper sticking in the mould.Mould round TimeIt is estimate from the polypropylene entering the mould, till extraction a time cycle of 45s exists.Cycle lifeIf run at constant step it is estimate that a cycle life time for the mould of a 100,000 components produced exists.TreatmentCoolant channels create to maintain steady temperature. Mould coated with anoint to prevent rust.AssumptionsIt was assumed that due to high compress and prolonged cycle times the mould would have to be highly strong and rigid. This involved making a highly thick walled and solid mould.On cooling of the polymer it was assumed that a shrinkage allowance of 0.5mm would have to be taken into account in the design of the mould.Manufacturing set-upBefore production begins a manufacturing process is set. This takes into account standard working procedures and outside factors. This creates a more safe and quality assured environment. obtain materialGranulated PP is source from a re liant and efficient supplierTreatmentPolypropylene is dehumidified. Excess water is extracted before production occurs. This involves a pre-heating process. nutritionGranulated Polypropylene is brought to feed hopper where it is either manual feed in or through a conveyer belt machine system.MouldTop and bottom of the mould are load onto the clamps were their securely fixed. This involves crane operation and coordinated procedure as the moulds are highly heavy and cant afford to get damaged. Appropriate tonnage is applied compressing the mould.CleanEarlier material is purge out from the machine. Final check of machine operation is coverProductionPolypropylene is slowly released into the cork screw and gradually begins to fill and compress. Fine tuning is performed on injection speeds, heaters, coolant temperatures, etc.. Tuning is performed till maximum efficiency is maintained. After the bumper is complete the mould is opened and the bumper is removed.CustomerBumper is deflash of e xcess polypropylene where injection occurs. This is either done robotically or by human intervention. The bumper is then send off for packaging and storage where it will then go out to the customer.Factory layoutFig. 7 Factory layout from a plan viewMaterial habit per annumIt was assumed a cycle time of 45s between polymer entering and leaving mould. By taking into account other assumptions an overall estimate of components per year was found.Assumptions* Average time of 12 work hours per day* Maintenance of machinery, loading of material, organising and other factors estimate of 1 component every minute. (Estimate of 720 a day)* Average of 200000 bumpers per year. (Estimate 260 work days)* green goddess of bumper 15kgMaterial usage per annum 3000 (metric) tons

Brain Functioning Table Essay

A neuron is a cell in the brain or another part of the nervous system that transmits information to other cells. nerve cell cells ar the information processing components of the brain responsible for receiving and transmitting information. Each part of the neuron plays a role in the communication of information passim the body. NeurotransmittersA neurotransmitter is a chemical substance through which one neuron sends a message to another. Neurotransmitters be transmitters that give off chemical reactions to neurons. There are several types of neurotransmitters and each type controls different functions like muscle control and triggers.AxonAn Axon is a long, arm like structure that transmits information on to still other neurons. The axon is the elongated fiber that extends from the cell body to the terminal endings and transmits the neural signal. The larger the axon, the faster it transmits information.Myelin typesetters caseMyelin sheath is an insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. Myelin sheaths three main functions include are protection of the nerve fiber, insulation of the nerve fiber and increase the rate of conduction of nerve impulses.DendritesDendrites are a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses generated from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron thathelp increase the surface area of the cell body. These tiny protrusions receive information from other neurons and transmit electrical stimulation to the soma.SynapsesSynapses are junctions between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. To connect two neurons by providing a space between an axon terminal of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, so neurotransmitters that are released by an axon terminal can diffuse across that space to reach the dendrite and either initiate the possibility of the second neuron to beset or cause a muscle cell to contract.CortexA cortex is the upper part of the brain site of complex, conscious thinking processes. The noetic cortex is involved in numerous functions of the body including determining intelligence, determining personality, motor function, planning and organization, and touch sensation.SynaptogenesisA synaptogenesis is the universal process in advance(prenominal) brain tuition in which many new synapses form spontaneously. Synaptogenesis is a process involving the formation of a neurotransmitter release site in the presynaptic neuron and a receptive field at the postsynaptic partners, and the precise alignment of pre- and post-synaptic specializations.Synaptic pruningA synaptic pruning is a universa process in brain development in which many p reviously formed synapses wither away. Synaptic pruning refer to neurological regulatory processes, which facilitate changes in neural structure by reducing the overall number of neurons and synapses, leaving more efficient synaptic configurations. Pruning is a process that is a general feature of mammalian neurological development.MyelinationA myelination is the growth of a fatty sheath (myelin) around the axons of neurons, enabling faster transmission of electrical impulses. The myelin sheath is a protective practical application that surrounds fibers called axons, the long thin projections that extend from the main body of a nerve cell or neuron. .ReferenceOrmrod, J. (2014). Educational psychology Developing learners. (8th ed., pp. 22-24). Pearson Education, Inc.

Com/156 Week: 5: Outline and Thesis Statement Guide

Appendix H Outline and Thesis Statement Guide name COM/156 date instructor concern Level Material Appendix H Outline and Thesis Statement Guide A smoker may breathe better, have a less(prenominal)(prenominal) chance of getting cancer, and live weeklong if a choice is made to throw overboard early in life. The benefits on their health when they quit roll of tobacco at an early age argon immediate and substantial. A smoker may breathe better, have a less chance of getting cancer, and live longer if a choice is made to quit early in life. There are more reasons to stop smoking than there are to continue.Smoking cessation is the roughly important step that smokers can take to enhance the length and quality of their lives. I. There are many causes which make people smoke andthe effect of smokingto their health. Even though smoker claim to get a calming affect when smoking, the negative outweigh the positive. Scientists and experts have made their point about there are some very seve re reasons of smoking but its critical consequences should also be taken into consideration. However, it can divide to two main causes which are physical and psychological. A.The main causes for smoking are physical and psychological. 1. The physical cause of smoking concerns the human bodys need for nicotine. 2. Smoking is psychological and seems to be due to small-scale self-esteem. B. Not only does smoking cause diseases and is a slow way to die because of the effect smoking has on the human body. They know smoking has effectuate on the human body such like to the eyes, speak and throat lung, heart, stomach pancreas and it also can cause cancers to those targeted areas. 1. The effect of smoking on the eyes, mouth and throat 2.The effect of smoking on the lung and heart 3. The effect of smoking on the stomach and pancreas II. When they stop smoking, their body experiences some positive side effectuate that may lengthen their lifespan. These positive aspects come in a lengthy t ime frame but with the ability to refrain from smoking, they will soon whole tone healthier all throughout their body. A. 20 minutes after they decide to quit smoking their body already starts healing. 1. Blood pressure returns to normal. 2. Pulse becomes persistent and normal again. B.The effectuate of smoking cessation after 8 hours. 1. Oxygen levels turn to normal. 2. Nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in the blood are reduce by half. C. The effects of smoking cessation after 12-24 hours. 1. Carbon monoxide levels in blood drop to normal. 2. Carbon monoxide will be eliminated from the body. 3. Lungs start to clear out mucous and other(a) smoking debris. D. The effects of smoking cessation after 48-72 hours. 1. There is no nicotine left in the body. 2. Ability to taste and smell is improved. 3. Breathing becomes easier. 4.Bronchial tubes begin to slow down and energy levels increase. E. The effects of smoking cessation after 2-12 weeks. 1. Circulation improves. 2. Lung funct ion increases. F. The effects of smoking cessation after 3-0 months. 1. Lung functions are increased by up to 10% which reduces coughs, wheezing and breathing problems. 2. Exercise becomes easier without losing your breath. G. The effects of smoking cessation after 12 months. 1. Excess risk of heart disease is about half and declines piecemeal hereafter. 2. A healthier heart starts to emerge on medical records. III.After the first year, their body continues to heal up until 15 age after they have quit the habit of smoking. The risk for certain disease becomes less and the way that they feel improves even more. A. The risk of heart attacks and strokes become less. 1. take chances of heart attack waterfall to about half that of a smoker. 2. Risk of stroke returns to the level of people who have never smoked (5-15 years). I. The effects of smoking cessation after 10-15 years. 1. Risk of lung cancer falls to about half that of a smoker. 2. Risk of lung cancer is less than that observ ed in nonsmokers. . Risk of coronary heart disease is no different than that of someone who has never smoked. 4. If you have quit smoking before age 50 you have halved the risk of dying in the next 15 years compared with continuing smokers. In conclusion the sooner they quit smoking the sooner their body can start to heal. The healing process takes 15 years to completely reach its full potential. With this being said, the sooner a person quits smoking, the more chance they have to breathe better, have a less chance of getting cancer, and live longer.It is said that if they quit smoking by the age of 50, they are giving themselves longer than 15 more years to die. young people heal faster than older people, this is a known fact. The younger a person is when they decide to quit smoking, the longer they will live check to their physical health. References Stop smoking programs. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. stop-smoking-programs. org/quit-smoking-benefits. html University Of Phoe nix. (2012). Appendix H Outline and Thesis Statement Guide. Retrieved from University Of Phoenix, COM156 Version 5 website.

Facebook, Hypermediacy, Performance and Interaction Essay

While always being a concept extremely troublesome to coherently and comprehensively define or describe, individuality becomes increasingly elusive in our postmodern era, especially since the advent of the Internet and the wide range of possibilities created by this vast informational network. In our global village, a new form of identicalness must be added to the previous(prenominal) taxonomies (Giddens Anthony). champion in which relativity and fluidity have become signifi chiffoniertly more essential, in order to understand and describe it then was the case with its predecessors. This is what is usually called online or digital individualism.This concept is potently connected with that of online or realistic communities, spaces of companionable interaction in which the concept of mediation plays a central role. Even though, as Giddens states, Virtually all homosexual experience is mediated by socialization and in p cunningicular the acquisition of language not until th e advent of the informational era did mediation play such an outstanding role in human communication (Giddens, 23). As McLuhan clearly states The medium is the message, ace of the essential features in understanding the concept of online identity (McLuhan Marshall, 7). dissimilar forms such an identity takes in the context of a specific online biotic community, a social network called Facebook, are analyzed in this essay. Though there are detectable negative sociological implications to Facebook concerning privacy and online identity, (DONT ANNOUNCE LIKE THIS. STATE YOUR THESIS, NOT THAT YOU WILL IDENTIFY SOMETHING BUT EXACTLY WHAT YOU WANT TO jump the research here leave identify ) the online network isIS largely sociologically beneficial by providing a positive forum for social planning, community physical composition and general communication.OTHERWISE, THE THESIS LOO9KS GOOD, JUST STICK TO THE PLAN IN IT Facebooks initial model revolved primarily around the courtship of those stationly machine-accessible with universities. Facebook was launched on February 4, 2004 and until September 11, 2006, it was comprised entirely of individuals with active university email addresses, with high schools and corporations soon being added to the mix (Wikipedia). Today, Facebook is a network accessible to anybody with a valid email address.However, Facebooks operational premise affects people to display certain details regarding themselves that willing allow them to be located by friends. Certainly, an increasingly valid use of Facebook has been its role in reconnecting lapsed friendships or acquaintances. Therefore, DONT intent WE UNLESS YOU ARE A TEAM OF SCIENTISTS. a s our discussion turns into AND YOU ARE ANNOUNCING again ) IN THE recognition of the identity counsel growths united to this legal and valid ego-presentation will related directly to , user preferences will be a germane(predicate) factorpreferences.Therefore, much of the theoretical c onceptualization here will revolve on this understanding that in spite of opportunities for elastic identity management, this network remains, at least(prenominal) for the time being, a space in which online and legal identities are connected (Giddens). This feature will bring about very interesting issues concerning the form and temper of the online identity exhibited on Facebook.Particular issues are those concerning the choices which individuals are able to make in the Facebook context which help to formulate identity in ways which whitethorn differ in the purpose and functionality from identity strategies in traditional social spheres. This points to some of the main differences between traditional and online identity, with the latter creating certain freedoms from physicality. One can choose or bypass certain visual images, can report or leave out certain biographical facts and can generally finesse an identity which is less dependent on day to day interactions.VAGUE. WHAT A RE THESE ISSUES? , AND WHAT EXACTLY IS THE FORM AND NATURE OF THE ONLINE IDENTIY? STATE IT here(predicate). Another factor of determinant splendor in understanding the sociological impact of Facebook is its representation of McLuhansS EXPLAIN WHO HE WAS global village. Marshall McLuhan is wiz of the preeminent theorists in communication and media studies, and with the mid-fifties and 1960s, would command a great deal of foresight in identifying the behaviors of future media systems.In his global village theory, McLuhan envisi unityd, a space in which the magnitude of globalization and especially its protean forms of cultural ex commuteation couldan be experienced on a mortalalized level. Since Facebook has been traditionally grounded at bottom university-based networks, many of these already possessing defined global profiles, mavin can now begin to experience on a virtual level the powerful dynamics of globalization as they have been interested by technological transiti on.Individuals create personal networks of touchings which reflect and, sometimes, even expand the international environment in which they pursued their studies. (Ellison, 1143) reference work? Before going further in the analysis of the concept of identity on Facebook, iodin should analyze the notion of profile, YOUR OUTLINE REFERS TO targetS. CLARIFY THAT THERE IS A CONNECTION BETWEEN PROFILE AND OBJECT OR AM I WRONG IN ASSUMING THERE IS ONE the online representation of the individual. Firstly, adept should take into account the lucidion within Facebooks grammar lingo, which provides a distinction DO YOU MEAN LEXIS?between objects and actions(Giddens, 47). WHO IS THIS? Social theoriest Anthony Giddens here provides the concept which is fully executed by Facebook, in which the identity which one formulates produces a virtual object through which various synergistic actions may be executed. The basic object is the profile itself, from which a tree-like structure of other obj ects, ranging from the wall to pictures, videos, the questionable applications, or plain text, emerges. Therefore, Facebook can be seen as a container of various media, organized within a profile which represents the individual, the real person hidden do-nothing the screen.The profile can be considered a virtual body representation of the individual root word? a representation connected with other profiles, images of other individuals, join together in various associative networks. (Giddens, 48) The focus is mainly on the tree-like organized strata of media which separates individuals connected on Facebook because it is essential to stress on both the distance and closure between individuals which is created in such instances of communication, the much-discussed (within the context of globalization) new spatial logic the spontaneous dispersion and concentration via information technologies. (Castells Manuel, 419). In other words, at first one has to notice the separation of th e concepts of space and place. in (our CUT THIS) contemporary understanding of THE social landscape. People from various locations can interact on Facebook al nearly simultaneously. This talent be considered as bringing them closer regardless of the physical distance existing between them.Yet, one must always entertain to take into consideration also the very substance of the profile a collage of media, an attachment into post-modernity of what Giddens calls one of the two basic features of mediated experience in conditions of modernity the collage effect. (Giddens 26). In other words, the identity presented by individuals to one another can be considered a highly subjective work of art, creating sometimes large discrepancies between self-identity and the online identity perceive by others.Therefore, in contrast with the disclosure effect WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CLOSURE way out? , there is also a distancing effect created by Facebook, an effect which is more elusive mainly beca use the information is so intensely mediated. The second category rattling IN YOUR OUTLINE, YOU PUT ACTIONS BEFORE OBJECTS. CHANGE EITHER THE OUTLINE OR THE PARAGRAPH ORDER is that of actions the individual can perform in this virtual environment. First, one joins Facebook, edits his/hers profile, then starts joining various networks or groups, adds friends and so on.An important feature here is closely connected with the object called wall addressed in the previous paragraph and with the action of writing messages on other peoples walls. The distinction between writing on someones wall and send a message is that speckle the message remains private, visible only to the recipient, the message on the walls is visible to everyone connected to the walls avoucher. It might be considered one of the external features of the exhibited individual.In this way, a metaphorical image of the kind of identity created by Facebook closely resembles the image of the self from Pink Floyds conceptu al album The Wall hidden behind a wall. SOURCE? Furthermore, this notion of concealment is transparent also in another action one can perform on Facebook, that of hiding ones ONES very actions, in other words, translating them into the private sphere. In fact, ones actions are published in a so-called News Feed, a virtual newspaper available to all ones friends. SOURCE?(Facebook. com, 1) This inclines consideration of the words of the legendary conceptual artist, Andy Warhol. in the future, Warhol said, everyone will be cosmos-famous for 15 minutes. (Murphy, 1) Today, Andy Warhol, anthe American artist and a central figure in the run known as Pop art might say, one can become famous on Facebook for far more then 15 minutes. SOURCE? However, as stated before, one can also hide ones ONES actions and can decide not to allow them to be published in the friends News Feed.Another important type of actions one can perform on Facebook are the interactive actions. An almost constant and unbroken ex neuter between individuals exists through their profile environment. People are writing on one anothers walls, sending messages, adding comments, sending gifts, comparing themselves with the others through various applications, playing games, virtually being able to perform any action to one another (with the textual Super-Poke, one can order someone to write an essay about Facebook for instance).GOOD representative This aspect will be important later on when the essential role the other has in creating someones identity on Facebook After these initial considerations about the structure and organization of Facebook, it is important, before pursuing further, to turn again to Giddens ideas about the character of identity in the modern era, ideas which can easily be extended to our post-modern context. Giddens considers the self as a reflexive project, which is continuous, as well as all-pervasive. In other words, self-identity becomes a construct, a personal narrative whic h tries to bring order and meaning from the multiplicity of individual traits and experiences. As he states A persons identity is not to be found in behavior, nor important though it is in the reactions of others, but in the capacity to keep a peculiar(a) narrative going. The individuals biography, if she is to maintain regular interaction with others in the day-to-day world, cannot be wholly fictive.It must continually integrate events which occur in the external world, and sort them into the on-going story about the self. (Giddens, 75) From the previous observations regarding the construction of Facebook, one could easily understand why the profile can be considered a narrative, a text through which the individual reflexively creates an identity-image which he/she exhibits in this network. One could apply here the terminology of Arjun Appadurai, one of the founding editors, along with Carol A.Breckenridge, of the journal habitual Culture and also the founding Director of the C hicago Humanities Institute at the University of Chicago, GOOD DETAILS ABOUT THE AUTHOR and call the Facebook profile a mediascape. Appadurai defines mediascapes as image-centered, narrative-based accounts of strips of reality, and further on he states that what they offer to those who experience and transform them is a series of elements (such as character, plots, and textual forms) out of which scripts can be formed of imagined lives, their own as well as those of others living in other places. COMMENT ON THIS QUOTE This points to the distinction between online and traditional identity formulation, with the online variation shown to be more directly susceptible to this careful and intentional scripting. The relationship of Facebook to its origins as university community networking site is apparent in one of the distinct values of its usage. There is an indicationIn its early stages, VAGUE. WHAT KIND OF INDICATION? DO YOU MEAN A SURVEY? OR RESEARH? that there are many educatees wh o hadve naturally adopt Facebook as a meeting, socializing or communicating forum which unofficially affiliates with the campus community.Therefore Facebook attend tos in its individual network contexts to give students the capacity to establish their own networking capabilities simultaneously connected to the physical and cultural community comprised by the campus or school itself and yet fully independent and unofficial from the universitys standpoint. This can exercise to be a very constructive way for students to relate and organize to their own benefit and, absent of the universitys concerted involvement, to the benefit of its culture, community and incarnate identity.As Hewitt and Forte observe, when online communities begin to complement existing channels for social interaction, aspects of everyday practices are often cast into sharp relief as community members integrate new channels of communication into their everyday lives (Hewitt and Forte, 1). Serving to strengthen t he internal processes by which members of a university community are able to relate to one another separate from the parameters created by the university the online community can be extraordinarily beneficial in diversifying, liberating and even emotionally accommodating the university experience.Individuals with rough-cut social, academic or even romantic interests can use university forums to engage one another within the theoretical confines of the school but outside of its official interactive boundaries. GIVE A REAL-LIFE EXAMPLE For many students, something such as Facebook allows for the tangible and observable presentation of a community, which, especially for incoming or socially remote students, can be an important arrow signdoorway to groups, activities and support structures within the university.. WHAT IS AN ARROW SIGN?A SIGN OF WHAT? Thus, Facebook can really help one to couple the gap between a selected identity and a group with which to identify. Moreover, this is also true of Facebooks alteration to the sociological process of recovery of lost, lapsed or unrealized relationships, whether social, romantic, professional or even convenience. Accordingly, previous research draw outs that Facebook users engage in searching for people with whom they have an offline connection more than they browse for get along strangers to meet. (Ellison, 1144) Still, Ththe informality of the friend tag in Facebook, allows people to establish online friendship with one who might not qualify as an entry in ones cell phone or a possible consideration for immediate recreational plans. The fact that such friendship does not actually require either participant to do anything other than to approve this friendship, allows for the establishment in many cases of a personal network far larger than ones physical social network.This is to say that old acquaintances, such as members of ones high-school graduating class with whom only limited friendly interest is shared, may serve a strictly connective role in ones network. Their presence in ones social network will allow one to be seen by other acquaintances and potential friends. This can serve as a positive opportunity to either regenerate lost friendships or even stimulate a friendship where previously only an acquaintanceship existed. GIVE SOME IDEA OF THE EXTENT OF THIS NETWORK, SOME REAL EXAMPLES OR STATISTICS. overly INDICATE WHETHER YOU CONSIDER THIS IS A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ASPECT. YOUR THESIS SUGESTTS THE FORMER, BUT YOU NEED TO SAY SO. Furthermore, SURELY THIS IS A NEGATIVE ASPECT, SO YOU SHOULD USE HOWEVER, NOT ? URTHERMORE. However, there is a perceived exposure simply in ones involvement with Facebook that might instead be seen negatively. One of the biggest drawbacks to the fact that Facebook creates this explicit connection between real and web identities is the danger that it represents to the users privacy.Even as various parameterssallowing individuals to set privacy toll hiding or only selectively displaying profile details are set in place to protect the individual from observation or contact by an individual not within ones friend network, WHAT ARE THESE PARAMETERS? GIVE EXAMPLES there is evidence of vulnerability within the system. It is not in particular difficult for one so hardened to procure personal information regarding other Facebook users without the proper authorization. This is a bug WHY A BUG?that was most recently revealed by a British tech company which was intended to expose the sites susceptibility to willful penetration, with the programming being infiltrated by professional hackers. Thus, in less than three hours computer programmers working for the BBC programme Click, veritable an application for Facebook which they used to discover the details of four users and all their friends. (Cockcroft, 1) Facebook, for its part, has indicated through an anonymous source that any such vulnerability would be counter-intuitive veSTRANGE WORDto the intent of the company and network, and therefore it would work to resolve this particular issue. SOURCE? WHO vocalize THIS AND WHAT WERE THEY GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? (Cockcroft, 1) On the other hand, such vulnerability may be seen as a programming bug and not a conceptual failure, with Facebooks model being dedicated organicly to the protection of privacy details at the users discretion.. SOURCE? DEFINE THE digression Consequently, this is not an issue which draws much in the way of sociological resolution on the subject.Moreover, speaking in a more sociological sense, another issue concerning Facebook is the inappropriateness of varying user intentions. The concept of online identity is refuted by the fact the Facebook is simultaneously connected to the users legal identity and bound to the virtual world. The result is that users have the opportunity to redefine themselves even in direct connection to details which are inherently bound to the non-virtual world such as relati onship status, physical appearance, profession or interests.. SUCH AS?This gives Facebook an obfuscating subject as it related to our ability to comprehend that which is implied by ones Facebook identity.. EXPLAIN Facebook is inherently subject to many of the same usage issues which have always been associated with internet usage. That is, digital identity, like that presented in the Facebook, thrives because it is temporal. You can change your identity at the drop of a hat you can become a liberal or conservative at the push of a button, change your interests and hobbies on a whim. (Stutzman, 1).While this is the kind of identity elasticity for which individuals have often placed specific value O onN the opportunities available on the internet, the distinctions (which we have) discussed hered HERE regarding Facebook make this an issue of increasing debate. Particularly, (we are demanded) the question is asked IS ASKED as to whether or not the fact that Facebooks insistence of see king to connect online and non-virtual identity in ones online presentation, can be a negative pattern due to possible obfuscation by deliberate misrepresentation.An example of this might be ones unauthorized use of anothers account or, far more insidiously, one of the most troubling examples of this might be the infiltration of a school network by a sexual predator. GIVE A CLEAR EXAMPLE While this is an entitlement right reserved to be determined by the individual, it is one that further blurs the lines of the authenticity of digital identity within the specific context of a network designed to attempt the contrary. Therefore, it is conceivable that Facebook is where desire by its user, a forum where individual identity can become quite distorted.Thus, if one has selected Facebook as a means of obtaining information about a particular individualwhich is increasingly common in the cases of gathering public information, occupationally-based background checks or journalistic researc hthe presentation of Facebook as connecting to ones legal identity allows the provided information to be seen as valid information. Because this assumption is justified by Facebooks short history though not necessarily by its usersits service to the strategy of observing identity is somewhat questionable.QUOTE AN EXPERT ON THIS As online media theorists Ellison et al note there are clearly some image management problems experienced by students as reported in the press, and the potential does exist for privacy abuses, (p. 1166) Certainly, the(our) research indicates that there is almost an inherent aspect of Facebook which demands that the user construct himself or herself in such a fashion as to reflect the desired impression received by others. And certainly, this is an action at law which we? WHO?social interactants engage in socially on a moment-to-moment basis at school, at work or even at the train station. design management is a regular aspect of the way we communicate, int eract and otherwise engage social contexts. SOURCE? However, as technology author KelleyWHO IS HE? i Indicates Facebook users attempt to manage the impression others receive of them by guessing what their interpretation of their performance will be. The structure of Facebook limits the ways people can construct identities and so some users have to creatively modify their performance. (Kelly 13). The primary limitation with Facebook is its static nature in the context, at least in comparison to personal interaction. Undoubtedly, in the traditional context of socializing, we are in a unique position to observe rather than to simply guess how our impression management is received. Thus, we can alter identity perception in a matter of seconds. If one feels that his self-presentation in conversation has produced a misimpression, it is feasible to quickly alter ones conduct, verbal approach or some other quality by which interpretation is being gathered. SOURCE?(Koch, 319) In Facebook, on e is always seeking to establish an identity which is likely to promote the widest appeal to all observers, thus serving a more homogenized interest than personal impression management which occurs on an interaction-to-interaction basis. This gives one the opportunity to attempt to deduce a likely collective response, in which a social network is perceived almost as an audience amongst whom common interests or appeals must be identified. SOURCE? (Kock, 320) In this way, identity becomes a target-directed activity in Facebook, almost placing the user in a position of selling an identity to those in the network.This causes a distinct conflict concerning the image and identity management which one must generally commit to in order to scar professional, personal, social and intimate personas. The concern that Facebook may be observable to ones parent, employer or instructor enters into the discussion here. QUOTE SOMEONE, OR GIVE AN EXAMPLE Accordingly, looking at the amount of informa tion Facebook participants provide about themselves, the relatively open nature of the information, and the lack of privacy controls enacted by the users, Gross and Acquisti (2005) argue that users may be putting themselves at risk both offline (e.g. , stalking) and online (e. g. , identify theft). Other recent Facebook research examines student perceptions of instructor presence and self-disclosure. (Ellison, 1146) Indeed, one of the most repugn nuances of the social networking phenomenon is its variation of social networking by way of its changing of forums. (Ellison, 1146) IS THIS AQUOTE? NAME THE SOURCE It may not be accurate to refer to online networking as an extension of traditional social networking insofar as this context has the capacity to undermine or alter many implicit rules therein.Referring once again to the Hewitt and Forte study, one of the most pertinent examples of the difference here impliedIMPLIED is that individuals choosing to enter into the online communit y may do so without the types of informal cues, approaches and comforts pertaining to traditional social networking such as facial expressions, vocal intonations and even attire. SUCH A. S? Thus, it occurs that, in the case of university networks especially, susceptibility members can create Facebook identities and establish friendships with students. This inserts educational instructors into a vantage POINTpoint?to relate directly to studentsor perhaps more problematically, a vantage pointPOINT? from which to observe studentsnot previously afforded them. In consequence, there is a prospective sense amongst student social networks that some violation of unspoken social arrangement is facilitated by such networking. To this extent, the issue of ones selected identityfrom the perspective of student and expertnessmay well be altered strategically in reflection of the awareness that the other party is in a new position of direct observation.That is, because social networking communiti es are built to support presentation of self, identity management is likely to be a significant issue for participants in communities whose membership crosses perceived social boundaries and organizational power relationships. (Hewitt and Forte, 12) Indeed, it is not of a small degree of importance that there is a separate dynamic of power in the swerve between faculty and student that may be threatened by the merging of more inherently social contexts.Thus, as it is specifically concerns the issue of identity, this lieu raises the concern that intentional misrepresentation may be encouraged. SOURCE? EXAMPLE? Moreover, as we have identified the preference of activities for users such as the publicizing of events, the calling card of photographs and communication with peers, the concept that an instructor is watching is likely to have an inhibitive impact on the presentation of self. SOURCE? (Ellison, 1140) Similarly, the motives for an instructor to present ones self in this con text may be cause forinto GRAMMARspeculation as well, suggesting that an interest in observing students has been falsely underplayed in relation to the instructors interest in social engagement.. (Hewitt & Forte, 1)SOURCE? OR EXAMPLE? Though, Facebook does offer many privacy options which allow users to determine who can see what information posting within a profile, with regard to the issue of identity and presentation, such as the protection of age or the prevention of profile views from individuals outside of ones networkDESCRIBE THESE OPTIONS the deconstructionism of some social boundaries concerning such limitied factors as geogrpahyndaries SUCH AS?which have been purposefullyand in some instances usefullyestablished does have an impact on the validity of presented identities. Still, with the issue of identity thrust to the side, there is a notable value (which we can find) in this deconstruction of social boundaries. According to the Hewitt and Forte study, which in 2006 evalu ated student behaviors at the Georgia Institute of Technology, two thirds of the students surveyed in their research GIVE FULL DETAILS ABOUT DATES, PLACES, RANGE ETC reported that they are comfortable with faculty on the site.Positive comments tended to focus on the alternate communication channels afforded by the site and on the potential for students to get to know professors better. (Hewitt and Forte, 2) In this way, (quite) in fact, Facebook appears to offer a reconsideration of the dynamic between instructor and student which can actually provoke a positive social change. Without question, this interaction is allowing an educational intimacy (improbable)which would be otherwise improbable, with instructors finding a way to enter into a student realm outside of the classroom without necessarily imposing stratified demands upon students.FOR EXAMPLE? HAS THIS HAPPENED? These direct contradictions make it increasingly difficult to make a rigorous argument for certain that Faceboo ks current usage proclivities have achieved a cultural consensus in terms of sociological impact. That is, where this discussion has focused so significantly on the matter of identity management, there is good cause to suggest that normative behaviors are now only in their infancy.Only four years old, the remarkable sociological, technological and economic impact of Facebook is still being suppose during a continued phase of massive adoption proliferation. (Ellison, 1140)IS THIS A QUOTE? SOURCE? Therefore, it is uncertain how the near future will shape usage and identity considerations. And in many ways, this is a direct factor in the distortion of identity which is currently available, and perhaps even encouraged by the current Facebook model.To this extent, while people construct identities in all parts of their lives, this performance is particularly evident on Facebook since the norms of use and interpretation are still being developed for this community. This manifests itself in debates over Facebook etiquette, risks and user rules. (Kelley, 2) This is a set of debates which is still very much underway, and which presumes (for us) mesa future in which high adoption rates of Facebook will force continual discussion on the issues of identity here related. promise some resolution. N0T USRE WHAT THIS MEANS.WHY DO HIGH ADOPTION RATES NEED A RESOLUTION? Indeed, as the research here suggests, this resolution is likely to benefit the improved balance for the user of desired image presentation and the demand for accuracy, as it appears that the true social and interactive benefits of Facebook are realized thusly. Even as individuals attempt to manage impressions that benefit their social or image-based status, there is a determinable interest for many in constructing an identity which represents the aspects of ones life which will place them in useful and relevant social networks.It is therefore that we cconcluded deflect THE WE that there is a positive end in the proliferation of Facebook. Though it is clear that its early stages of development have presented a wide array of new and evolving considerations relating to privacy, social power dynamic and image management, there is nonetheless a direct value to honest representation in the social networking context that suggests this impulse will ultimately direct the further evolution of normative behaviors on Facebook and other online social networking communities. Works Cited Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at Large.Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the meshing Society. Blackwell Publishers, Massachusetts, 2000. Cockcroft, Lucy. Facebook loophole open to identity thieves. Telegraph. 5 January 2008. 27 April 2008. . Ellison, N. B. Steinfeld, C. & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook friends Social capital and college students use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12(4)., p. 1143-1168. Giddens, Anthony.Modernity and Self-Identity. Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Polity Press, Cambridge, 1991. Facebook. Wikipedia. 28 April 2008. 28 April 2008. . Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity. Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Polity Press, Cambridge, 1991. Hewitt, Anne and Forte, Andrea. Crossing boundaries Identity management and student/faculty relationships on the Facebook. Georgia Institute of Technology. 24 April 2008. 24 April 2008. http//www-static.

Describe the symptoms and treatment of asthma

Unfortunately asthma tail end be inherited and in many children asthma is diagnosed after having a cold or fever. Studies shows that a high percentage of these children, during their life clock will wee a higher witness of getting rid of the ailment. On the early(a) hand if asthma is inherited, most likely the affected role will be diagnosed during his or her lifetime. According to statistics, asthma is single of the most common physiological disorders and it endure affect all ages. Nowadays, we have specific treatments to control the disease provided unfortunately, till now, on that point is no cure. integrity of the most important functions of the respiratory system is to breathe. Air is inhaled through with(predicate) the mouth or nose, it then moves through the pharynx, larynx and trachea into the lungs. After that process, the blood line is exhaled through the aforementioned(prenominal) pathway. During normal inhalation the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract and as a result of this the rib cage elevates. Due to this the volume of the lungs increases, production line pressure drops so air rushes in. On the other hand during normal exhalation the muscles relax, lungs become smaller, air pressure rises and air is expelled.Asthma is a lung disease which narrows and inflames the air ways, we have tubes which they carry air into our lungs. When a soul is diagnosed with asthma these tubes ar inflamed. This inflammation makes the airlines terribly swollen and sensitive. Due to this the inflammation starts reacting to certain substances that work out the airway. Once the airway starts reacting to these substances our muscles tighten up, as a result of this the airways be narrowed so less air enters to the lungs. Asthma has an impact on other body systems, these argon the insubordinate system, the nervous system and the respiratory system.Starting off with the first system, the respiratory system of a person with asthma is mor e(prenominal) sensitive to environmental irritants than of a normal person. When there is contact with an environmental irritant, automatically the airway narrows making it more difficult to breathe. Second system, the immune system, our immune system helps our body to fight germs. When a person is diagnosed with asthma, his immune system is more sensitive to substances that are not harmful to those who do not have asthma. The last system that I am spillage to explain is the nervous system.According to John Hopkins University research indicates that asthma affects your nervous system, a nerve egression factor a nervous system protein, has been found to increase sensitivity to irritants among people suffering from asthma and allergies. (Apryl Bevelery 2014) In this paragraph I am going to mention and explain some asthma symptoms starting off with the first symptom wheezing. Wheezing is one of the most common symptoms, wheezing is a high noise which is normally heard while the pers on is sleeping. Wheezing can be heard more during this period because the airway normally narrows during respiration.Wheezing happens because there is a narrowing or obstruction from the level of the larynx to the small bronchi. According to studies, wheezing is said to happen by oscillations and vibrations of the airway walls. This sound is organise when air passes through a narrowed portion of the airway, then air passes with high velocity producing a decrease in gas pressure which later on on it is flown in the constricted region. Once it arrives in the internal airway the pressure begins to increase which will be barely able to reopen the airway lumen.A second symptom coughing, a person diagnosed with asthma can suffer from coughs during an asthmatic attack, one can think that coughs are painful but it is a natural reflex which protects our lungs. This happens by toping foreign substances that our body does not want. This process starts by, when an unwanted substance enters, our nerves sends an electric impulse to the brainpower to tell our muscles in our chest and abdomen to contract against these substances. When the nerve endings of our airways become irritated coughs usually occurs.After this contraction it will release large centers of air and high amount of strength to eject these substances. There are different types of coughs namely chronic and acute. Chronic cough bureau that the cough will catch ones breath longer, most probably this is due to a medical condition. While acute cough means that the cough happens only at that moment. The last symptom that I am going to mention is chest tightness and shortness of breath, these are also common symptoms. A patient who is not diagnosed with asthma has a clear bronchiole wall, this wall will be relaxed and provides an open airway.On the other hand a patient with asthma will be very sensitive to irritants, as a result of this when an irritant occurs most probably it will inflame this wall. A list of these irritants can be smoke, stress, dust mites, infections and many more. Due to these problems much(prenominal) as releasing leukotrienes, result of this an inflammation may occur which unfortunately will lead to overproduction of mucus. Overproduction of the mucus will result in constriction in the bronchiole making it difficult for air to move in the lungs. As a result of this an asthmatic attack can occur.There are specific factors which may result in triggering asthma, starting off with the first factor which is environmental. Nowadays we live in an environment which has a high amount of pollutants such as, flower scents, mould, pests, dust mites, tobacco, animal dander, car pollution, extreme weather and many more. There are certain factors that we can control especially those that we can find indoors. Those that are found indoors can be controlled in order to avoid asthma triggers, an example of this can be cleaning weekly, keeping pets out of rooms, removing carpets, servicing the air conditioners and vacuuming.Second factor can be allergies, unfortunately an allergic reaction can be similar or the same in order to trigger an asthma attack. According to studies being overweight will result in more chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which means that the patient will suffer from inflammation throughout the body. Last factor that I am going to explain is smoking, this can affect an asthmatic person because when a person inhales tobacco, irritations substances will lay out in the moist lining on the airways. These irritants can trigger an asthma attack.Nowadays thanks to scientists we are developing more and more examens in order to be able to diagnose diseases in their early stages. Starting off with the first test spirometry, this test is often used to assess the patients lungs. The procedure of this test is to take deep breathes and exhaling it as fast as they can through a mouthpiece attached to this equipment. This test consists of two m easurements, these are the volume of air breathed in and the volume of air breathed out. Normally this test is do many times to get accurate results. Second test jacket crown expiratory flow test, this test is do by a device called peak flow meter.This is a very easy test, it measures how fast the patient can blow air out of his/her lungs in only one breathe. Most of the time this test occurs over weeks, in fact the patient needs to take this device home so she/he can record daily measurements. The patient needs to take this device with him or her because asthma can be vary due to changes in our lungs throughout the day. Third test airway responsiveness, this is a difficult test in fact this test occurs only if there are no clear symptoms of asthma. The airway responsiveness test measures how the airway reacts when it is contacted with a trigger.During this test the patient is asked to breathe in medication, which will eventually irritate the airways and possibly trigger a mild a sthma attack. Another test that can be done is testing airway inflammation, this test can be done by two different methods. The first method is to take a phlegm sample and the second method is while the patient is breathing out, the level of the nitric oxide is measured. An allergy test can also be done in order to confirm if the persons asthma is associated with any allergies. Imaging tests are also an alternative, these can be a CT-scan or a chest x-ray of the patient nose cavities and lungs.With these scans they can identify any abnormalities related to asthma. The last test that I am going to mention is the indifference eosinophils, the main role of this test is to look for white blood cells while the patient is coughing. The white blood cells are present when symptoms occurs which later on are visible when they are stained with eosin. Fortunately there are certain treatments that help prevent and control asthma, starting off with the first treatment inhaled corticosteroids are preferred methods for long-term control of asthma.The main function of this treatment is to relieve inflammation and swelling, reducing inflammation helps to prevent asthma attacks. Another treatment which is disposed(p) during an asthma attack is cromolyn, this practice of medicine is given when the patient is using the nebulizer. Once the patient breathes in, the nebulizer will send medicine to the lungs to prevent airway inflammation. Omalizumab is a medicine given as an injection one or two times a month, this medicine helps to prevent our body from reacting to asthma triggers. Inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist and theophylline are all medicines that open the airways.The leukotriene modifiers are a medicine take orally, this helps to prevent increase of inflammation. Then there is the diligent-relief medicine these are called inhaled short-acting beta2-agonisits these act quickly in order to relax tight muscle, this allows to open airways so air can flow through them. A pati ent who is diagnosed with asthma needs to have patronize check-ups, it is also very important to remove any items which can trigger asthma such as rugs or animals. It is also recommended to record your symptoms in a diary to see how well the treatment is controlling your asthma.Good control of asthma will prevent coughing and shortness of breath, reduce the use of quick relief medicine, help to maintain good lung function, prevent asthma attacks and let the person maintain the normal activity of sleeping throughout the night. It is also very important to use proper asthma medications as like with other medications they have side effects. When a person starts having these symptoms it is very important to do a check-up or talk to someone else because if these signs are not treated asthma triggers can worsen which even in some cases can be fatal.

Preparing to Conduct Business Research Res/351

Preparing to Conduct Business RES/351 Preparing To Conduct Business In recent news, bound of the States publically announced its plan to make changes to debit card customer accounts in 2012 (Chang, 2011, NBC San Diego). To date, cuss of America has a fee-free policy on these types of accounts b arly new regulations on debit card accounts are a hindrance to the Banks ability to maximize return on investments. As a result the bank is considering implementing a surcharge on checking accounts.However, the bank essential determine if this go forth affect the attitudes and behaviors of customers. To achieve this, Bank of America must act up business query. The Research Question When managers mathematical function business investigate a systematic inquiry to aid in the decision-making process. Because Bank of America has discovered the delimit the management dilemma, a refinement of the research question is necessary. The information or entropy collected through exploratory resea rch helps formulate the research question.In essence, the research question is the hypothesis that best states the objective of the researcher or the questions that focuses the researchers attention (Cooper & Schnidler, 2011, p 83, paragraph 1). Hypotheses and Vari qualifieds A hypothesis is a relational statement describing a relationship between two or more variables (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 83, paragraph 1). These variables are spirited to show a correlation to each other. The hypotheses are Bank of America is facing angry loyal customers with the new five dollar charge whenever they use a debit card.Customers may bring a new financial institution if the fee is added to their account. Based on the defined hypotheses, variables, and research question, the bank can prepare a research project strategy. Research Design Strategy Before Bank of America finalizes its decision to streamline debit card transaction fees from merchants to customers it should gauge the attitudes and b ehaviors of its account holders. Therefore, the research design must be attitudinal research.Attitudinal research uses multiple measurements of attitude across time and environments to improve predictions. The attitudes of consumers must consider as hypothetical constructs because of their complexity and the fact that they are inferred from the measurement data, not actually observed (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 292, paragraph 6). These attitudes will be assessed on a ranking scale that captures indicators of different dimension of awareness, feelings, or behavioral intentions toward Bank of America.This ranking scale is ideal because it constrains the study participant to making comparisons and determining order among two or more indicants or objects (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 295, paragraph 2). In the end, Bank managers will need to gauge whether existing customers have a positive attitude toward the bank whether or not they will develop negative attitudes toward the bank if the y implement fee changes, and if the creation of negative attitudes will change customer behavior.Instrument Development Bank of America can decide management dilemmas by listening to customers. Therefore, customer feedback can be gathered through cogitations. By taking surveys, Bank of America will be able to determine the next course of action. Any other type of research tool is not necessary in this particular situation as the survey will provide the information necessary to make a decision. Figure 1 is a consume of the customer survey data collection design. Bank of America Customer SurveyHow satisfied are they with the existing debit card services at Bank of America * Very fit * Satisfied * Somewhat Satisfied * Not Satisfied How likely are they to become dissatisfied with Bank of America if imposed a $5 flat periodical debit card transaction fee * Very dissatisfied * Dissatisfied * Somewhat dissatisfied * Not dissatisfied How likely are the customers use some other banking institution if Bank of America imposed a $5 flat monthly debit card transaction fee * Very likely * plausibly * Somewhat likely * Unlikely Figure One.Surveying Bank of America customers to discover a linkage between attitude and behavior. Ethics and Sampling To ensure the results of the research are ethical and valid a proper ingest design is necessary. A sample design consists of manners, sample position, and sample coat. The convenience sampling method will be most appropriate for Bank of Americas research as it will save time and money. The goal of the sample is to hold what is most important to customers and if they would be willing to pay increased fees.Bank of America will have access to all one of their customers by way of banking or ATMs. Surveys can be assigned to ATMs, or handed out at Bank of America locations as customers arrive for their day-to-day banking needs. These samplings will be stochastic. luck sampling, based on random selection, ensures each populati on element is a known nonzero chance of selection. This provides estimations of precision and offers an opportunity for generalized findings to the population of interest from the sample population. Thus Bank of America can both conveniently and randomly survey customers.In addition to improving the validity of the sample, convenient randomized sampling promotes heavy ethical research practices. Finally, the convenience sample method eliminates the need to hire out the survey work or develop research teams. What sampling frame will be used Bank of Americas customer listing will act as the sample frame. This list shows the customers who have been banking with them both past and present. This will break away the sampling method a larger pool to gather information to complete the research needed. What is the appropriate sampling surface? The appropriate sampling size is achieved by many factors.These factors are the size of the study, population size, the purpose of the study, and t he risk of selecting a wrong sample design. The size of the sample must be in a certain criteria such as precision level, confidence level, and the variability degree. In the case of sampling the attitudes of Bank of America customers and their decision to withdraw their accounts from the bank or not can be accomplished by sampling several states across the country. Determining the sample size is very important, it may vary from one to another. In work environment knowing or so the sample size before start taking random samples help a lot.To determine the sample size these are the five steps that used in research. Data analysis approach After the data is gathered from the survey, the fourth stage of the research process is put together. The data analysis approach for Bank of America will use a Pareto plat that is a chart whose percentages sum to 100%. The data are derived from a multiple choice, single-response scalethe respondents answers are sorted in decreasing importance, with bar altitude in descending order from left to right (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 440, paragraph 2). Result ReportingThe result reporting part of the research should be where all the information that everyone is reading in the reports that will better understand the issues and be able to fix all the wrong issues. Reports should be in certain format and shows every bit of research done on the bank. The information should be sent to the head person who takes care of all the paperwork to be analyzed. This report should contain an introduction, about the research, the hypothesis, surveys, and the kind of issues or improvements to improve the bank, and the conclusion on all the information that was gathered from the report.The report can be written in thousands ways. The report could be displayed through a PowerPoint presentation or a well presented paper, hand wrote on note cards. Many varied objects can make this easy for them to come off the results to the report. Conclusion Even wit h the charge that Bank of America will be charging people to use their debit card there will be a large disagreement on whether or not customers will be happy with the business they will receiving from Bank of America.With surveys and interviews to see what the customers think will give the bank something to look at before going through with the entire process. To ensure that the bank will not lose money or customers, they must conduct extensive research to assess the consequences. References Chang, H. (2011, October 1). Bank of America to charge $5 monthly debit card fee. NBC San Diego Online Newspaper. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http//www. nbcsandiego. com/news/local/Bank-of-America-Charge-Monthly-Debit-Card-Usage-Fee-130803293. html? fountain=Facebook Cooper, D. & Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin Huff post business. (2011, September 29). Bank of America plans to charge monthly $5 debit card fee. Huffington Post Onl ine Newspaper. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http//www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/09/29/bank-of-america-debit-card-fee_n_987304. html? view=screen Richardson, C. (2011, September 30). Debit card fees Why Bank of America will charge $5 for debit card use? Christian Science Monitor. p. N. PAG.

Choctaw Indians

The tribe of Choctaw Indians was originally located in the southeastern come apart of the Mississippi, southwestern Alabama, Louisiana and Georgia. This name for this tribe of Indians is attri neverthelessed to various sources, some of these are the Spanish word chato which means flat because the Choctaw used to flatten the foreheads of their male infants and Haccha, a name of the pull together River with which these flock were associated . These people believe that they originated from Ninah Waya, which is a sacred hill located near Nozapter, Mississippi.The name Ninah Waya means Productive Mountain and is practically referred to as The Mother Mound. The emergence myth is a part of Choctaw history. These Indians are supposed to require belonged to the Muskhogean lingual family. Initially they existed as very considerable groups, but were significantly reduced in numbers due to infected foreigners who spread a number of epidemic diseases amongst these hapless Indians. The othe r tribes in this linguistic family are Creeks, Chickasaws, Seminoles and Apalachi .In comparison to the Chickasaw and the Creek who were their age old enemies, the Choctaws were more democratic and less warlike. The Choctaws lived in wattle-and-daub homes. These homes had walls consisting of pole frames covered with mud and bark and a thatched roof. They were agricultural in general and in this aspect were unsurpassed in the entire Southeastern part of the U. S, and used round-eyed tools to cultivate corn, beans, sweet potatoes, and tobacco.They were so expert in this activity that they were in the enviable position of possessing surplus food which they bartered in order to obtain goods that they did not have. Moreover, they apply blowguns, bows and arrows, spears and traps to hunt animals for food and pelts. Their calling capacity was so great that they traded on a very large scale with other tribes and in order to communicate with their customers they developed a simple trade language. In order to transport merchandise and animals hunted by them they used dugout canoes.The Choctaws were fond of sport and it occupied an important part of their culture. Their salmagundi of l acrosse, which was very popular amongst the eastern tribes was a very rough game played with a stick. This game was used to promote social gatherings, bring close to settlement of disputes and to train the participants for warfare. The number of participants in this game would be in the hundreds and all sorts of violence like biting, belabouring and kicking were permitted. Not surprisingly, the participants would suffer serious and sometimes fatal injuries.The outcome of this game had so much importance attached to it that Choctaw priests used to offer prayers in order to have an effect on the impression of the game . The Choctaws took to riding horses and using them as pack animals with the advent of the Europeans in the 16th century. They developed their own specialized horse bree ds and raised cattle. The 18th and nineteenth centuries were witness to the forced migration of the Choctaws farther and farther west in order to circumvent clashes with the European settlers.Initially they allied with the French later on they worked as spies for the Americans in the American Revolution, which lasted from 1775 to 1783, and reported the activities of the British. In the War of 1812 they allied with the U. S and fought under General Andrew Jackson and they also fought against the Creek in the Creek War that lasted from 1813 to 1814. The world(a) belief was that the land occupied by the Indians had gold in it, accordingly President Jackson brought about legislation that required relocation of the Southeast Indian tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.The first victims of this inhuman deed were the loyal Choctaws, who were do to shift their location to the Indian Territory, which is in Oklahoma under the Indian remotion Act of 1830. Accordingly, as per the pro visions of the 1830, Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek the Choctaw nations was forcibly relocated to South-eastern Oklahoma. The years from 1831 to 1834 saw these hapless Choctaws being subjected to a series of forced marches westward, which proved fatal for many of their numbers who succumbed to disease, hunger, exposure and attacks by bandits.Around twenty thousand Choctaws were shifted and only seven thousand survived this arduous journey notorious as the The Trail of Tears. The greed of the settlers was gratified to some extent by the year 1842 as most of the Choctaw lands had become the property of the settlers. Oklahoma, was elect by the Choctaws as their promised land, because it was for the most part empty and was considered to be useless for any other purpose. How forever, this place proved to be very fertile and was utilized by them as an agricultural haven. The surviving Choctaws built a new city based on their agricultural genius.In the Indian Territory the Choctaw, the Cr eek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Seminole were collectively cognize as the Five Civilized Tribes, because they had organized judicatures with written constitutions and due to the fact that they had established public schools and newspapers. The Choctaw joined forces with the Confederacy during the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865. Due to the ever increasing influx of non-Indian settlers, the Choctaws were unable to retain their lands, even in Oklahoma, where they had been ruthlessly relocated.Ironically, Oklahoma is a term invented by the Choctaw leader Allen Wright to connote red people and was initially used to denote the western half of the Indian Territory. The number of persons who set themselves as Choctaw in the U. S. census of 2000 was approximately 87,000 and a further 71,000 identified themselves as having Choctaw blood. Federal trust lands are held by the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma in the vicinity of Durant. Furthermore, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw I ndians reservation is located near the Pearl River.Some Choctaw groups reside in Louisiana and what should be of encouragement to these hapless people, there has been a revival of traditional customs and unity between these groups since the 1950s . Women have traditionally been objects of veneration in the Choctaw culture. This honour has been accorded to them due their being the head of every family household and due to their being the caretakers of children and elders in the family. In legends these tribes are considered to be vegetarians and one of the Cherokee legends describes this epoch as the beginning of equality and mutual helpfulness between humans, plants and animals.Initially all three lived in harmony, however, with the passage of time, man became destructive and started to belt down and eat some of the animals and in retaliation some of the animals invented diseases to limit the human population. True generosity was exhibited by only the plants, which provided not onl y food to man, but also medicine to cure these diseases . The historical evolution of the Choctaw makes one aware of their efforts in respect of economic development and the strong Tribal government which has resulted from much(prenominal) development.In the past, the Choctaw people had undergone several hardships like health problems and reliance upon the federal government for the bare necessities of life. However, subsequent to the year 1945, the situation has improved drastically and the strong tribal governmental leadership and appropriate planning have made the Choctaw people self reliant. With the improvement in employment and educational opportunities, availability of better admit and healthcare facilities a resurgence of the Choctaw confederation and their cultural arts has transpired and this has brought about betterment in their standard of living.The language of the Choctaws and their native culture are no longer threatened with extinction as they had been saved and s trengthened due to their efforts. At present Choctaw community can be considered to be a no-hit community. This is due to the fact that they not only preserved their culture but did so in the face of great adversity. The Choctaw Indian Reservation is spread across 35,000 acres of Tribal lands, which are located in ten counties of the Mississippi. The federal government is responsible for safeguarding these lands.These sites are Pearl River, Red Water, Bogue Chitto, Standing Pine, Tucker, Conehatta and Bogue Homa. The Tribal government is headquartered in Pearl River and is the largest of these lands. The Choctaws enjoy several traditional cultural activities in addition to those provided by modern society. Their artistic output comprises of hand woven baskets made from Mississippi swamp cane, beadwork, etc. They are also famous for their dances, cooking and sewing traditional apparel. In the modern world they are active in almost all fields of scientific and commercial endeavour.In contrast to the past, when they had been relegated to the background, these people can be assumed to have become a part of the unshakable paced and exciting American way of life. These people are highly creative and gifted and some of their special events, which enable them to congregate as a Choctaw community in order to commemorate their tribal traditions, are the annual Choctaw Indian Fair held in the month of July in the Choctaw Indian Reservation and the spring festivals of the Choctaw communities . whole caboodle Cited Page Ferguson, Bob.Choctaw Chronology. Retrieved from http//www. choctaw. org/history/chronology. htm on October 6, 2006 Rita Laws, WAS THE AMERICAN ABORIGINAL DIET VEGETARIAN? , retrieved from www. animalvoices. org/aboriginal. htm. on 06. 10. 2006. Retrieved from http//www. choctaw. org/culture/welcome. htm on 06. 10. 2006. Team Sports. Choctaw. Retrieved from http//www. cradleboard. org/cnat/resource/choctaw. htm on October 8, 2006 Waldman, Carl. Choctaw. Microsoft Encarta 2006 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2005.