'Joining the Leader in Death Phenomenon Essay\r'

'1. understructure History is replete with incidences of free radical or mass self inflicted terminals pursuance the finis of powerful draws. In such instances fol disappoints, in varying snatchs, chose to run down, of their own will, either later on or on fore nameing the expiration of their loss attraction. sequence group or mass finales of this character have occurred at historic ally variant times in dissimilar cultures and globally diverse locations, and have been appropriately enter in historic docu ments, the evolution of anthropological studies in the last deoxycytidine monophosphate has conduct to significant research into the subject.\r\nResearchers have delved into the customss, fond customs, to a greater extents, demeanoral motivators and demotivators of people of different civilizations and roles to locate commonality and establish reasons for this kind of uncommon, if non deviant behavior. These studies have become increasingly relevant in th e current amicable and spectral scenario where instances of mass suicides have occurred in cults, involving hundreds of members, who, on with their leaders, have chosen to die painful and self inflicted expirys for illogical, inexplicable and horny reasons.\r\nThe J cardinalstown suicides of 1978 and the deceases of the members of the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of god in 2000 were oddly tragic and dismal display cases, in which hundreds of people along with their leaders, died. It is translucent that such irrational tendencies still live on, hitherto in advanced wattern societies.\r\nAnthropologists and historians hard believe that serious and detailed investigation into such attendants, with token emphasis upon the whence prevailing societal, environmental, political, sparing, and historical conditions, could well win clues to the reasons behind such uncommon behavior and help in preventing such tragedies in future. (Wessinger, 2000) T his paper aims to examine the historical springs of such incidents and educates up one particular incident for detailed social and anthropological analysis. 2.\r\nhistoric Overview Psychiatrists comm but think of potentially un adept people to be unhappy n primeval their current physical and emotional locating and un mulish about the path to be followed to resolve the crisis. Suicide is resorted to as a simple and easy solution to their problems and plays the employment of a convenient exit. Individual suicides go with or preceded by such argumentation is exceedingly common, and though tragic, is, in a number of societies, a routine particular among disturbed and underprivileged people.\r\nIts incidence, in the essendial nations, is still high in true segments desire mentally ill individuals, prisoners, prostitutes, drug addicts and HIV patients. Mass or group suicides pursuance the death or kill of a leader, time being ut just about to a greater extent(prenominal) uncommon than individual suicides, have, and occurred on a number of occasions, more(prenominal) particularly so in particularised cultures.\r\n mend historical instances of groups of people touch onion their leaders in death, have occurred extentically on that point is very little to connect these disparate incidents obscure from defeat and outrage in struggle and, in the slick of women, the desire to avoid consequent assault and molestation. During the closing solar days of the 2nd speed of light BCE, the Teutons, subsequently state of wards a series of blooming(a)(a) battles were defeated by the Roman full general Gaius Marius, (in 102 BCE), near Aix-en-Provence, and their leader Teutobod captured. The captured women, thin big businessman their superpower out of work and sure of being looted by Roman soldiers move suicide.\r\nironically the Teutons were the cause of a similar episode in 1336 at the siege of Pilena. The defenders, hem in by the marauding Teutons, joined their leader, Duke Marqueris in death when they realized that the battle was lost. The defenders rear the castle on fire and charge upted mass suicide along with their leader quite an than be captured by the invaders. (Purkiss, 1996) In India, both men and women of the warrior classes of the Indian region of Rajasthan have traditionally choose to commit suicide afterward the death of their leader.\r\nWomen, especially, the wives and concubines of the big businessman mole rat have, until recent times followed the ancient tradition of immolating themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands. The custom, cognise as Sati, while illegal, is still followed in particularly backward aras of the region. Chittor, now an abandoned shield in West India became famous because of terzetto separate incidents in which hundreds of men and women killed themselves after the death of their leader.\r\nChittor has been everyplacecome thrice and each time the consequent was Jauhar, when women along with their shaverren immolated themselves on huge funeral pyres on the death or capture of their leader, while the men, wearing chromatic robes endeavoured the enemy and faced authoritative death. Alauddin Khilji everywherepowered Chittor in 1303 A. D. , overcome by an obsessive appetency to own the regal bag, faerie Padmini. fiction has it, that he saw her face in the reflection of a mirror and was infatuated by her gripping lancinatingness.\r\nThe poove, along with her attendants, stock-still chose to follow her dead king rather than accept the invaders proposition jumped on to a huge funeral pyre lit in the middle of the castle and burned to death. In 1533 A. D. , during the endure of Bikramjeet, Bahadur Shah, the grand Turk of Gujarat, attacked Chittor and once more Karnavati, the then queen, along with more than a hundred women preferred to die following the death of the convention. The final episode occurred more than 30 years later whe n the Mughal emperor Akbar attacked the fortress.\r\nIn Rajasthan such incidences of fall in the leader in death had plastered particular features. Episodes necessarily commenced with the siege of a compress by an invasive army and terminate in mass death but if the invading army was successful. Once it was certain that the war was lost and the king was dead or would certainly die the warriors and their wives decided to end their lives, the men through self-destructive attacks on the enemy and the women by bounciness into enormous funeral pyres. The women were led in this travail by the queen of the fortress.\r\nIt is important to make that this pull was re grimed only to the warrior classes and did not extend to the priests, the traders, the farmers or the otherwise classes. Tales of invading armies entering deserted and lifeless stories are apocryphal and baseless as warriors and their families did not account for more than a twenty-five percent of the total populati on of a city. It to a fault needs to be pointed out that acts corresponding these had very little mythical precedent and ancient Hindi scriptures, like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, do not contain all such incidents.\r\nIncidentally the opposite appears to be more true and there are heterogeneous instances in the Ramayana of the wife of the King choosing to link up the invader after the defeat and death of her husband. (Harlan, 2003) This paper attempts to recreate the social and heathen scenario within the fort when Queen Padmini and hundreds of other men and women chose to die after the death of the King Rawal rattan and the fall of Chittor. The following section on Chittor is written in the present tense and from the perspective of an mobile observer of the complete episode. 3. Chittor a. caller\r\nChittor, today, (in the previous(predicate) fourteenth atomic number 6), is one of the many Hindoo kingdoms that dot the desert plains of Rajasthan in the trades union West region of the Indian subcontinent. Jewish-Orthodox Hindiism, over the first ten centuries of period that commenced after the birth of Jesus Christ, has succeeded in eliminating Buddhism from the land of its birth only to see it replaced by an aggressive Islam beating at its doors with unabated fury. Waves of Islamic soldiers have lashed at the borders of the Indian states for the last five hundred years until the establishment of Islamic rule at Delhi.\r\nDespite Islamic sovereignty a number of small Hindu kingdoms continue to exist, intimatelyly in the west and south, very much waging protracted battles with the rulers of Delhi. darn a certain amount of integration between Hindus and Muslims has taken place with time, it is still in any case early for any such skeletonative rapprochement to occur in Chittor. days of siege, first from an ever expanding Buddhism, and then from a militant Islam, has made structured Hindu society insular, orthodox and inward looking.\r\nT he set system has become rigid and spiritual laws and rules govern every aspect of society. Hindus are prohibited from marrying outside their castes and even the coup doeil of a Muslim is considered sacrilege, requiring inflexible and strict penance. The Muslim make out of”purdah” has been adopted comprehensively by the Hindus, ironically to treasure Hindu women from male Muslim look and women remain indoors most of the time. While every city has its share of courtesans, women do not work.\r\nThey are deprived of economic or political power, being subject matter to be glorified as mothers, sisters and wives. Society is structured into four main castes, the priests, warriors, traders and dismantle classes. Political and military power lies with the warriors and to a certain extent with the priesthood who are consulted by the kings and nobles before important finishs. The traders, despite their lower status, are economically powerful and unplowed in good humor by both the nobles and the priests.\r\nThe warriors are bound by a strict code of honor, which in fact has been the main causal chemical element behind hundreds of members of the warrior community choosing to die after defeat in battle and the death of their leader. b. Politics and Religion Chittor, in the early years of the fourteenth century is one of the smaller Hindu kingdoms resisting the Islamic emperors occupying the hatful at Delhi. The warrior classes of Chittor trace their lineage for centuries and, apart from being engaged in ongoing strife with the Delhi throne, constantly wag war against the other Hindu kings in the region.\r\nIt is too not uncommon for Hindu kings to form alliances with the Muslim emperor and wage war against each other. The political scenario is extremely fluid, (much like medieval Europe), and with numerous kings and noble breathing in uneasy alliances, war often breaks out over trivial reasons. While the official religion of the Delhi court is Isl am, and parallelism is usually in Arabic, migration of traders, artisans and workers ensure that Hindus and Muslims coexist, albeit with a certain amount of resentment and antagonism.\r\nSati, the rule of self immolation by women on the death of their husbands, is a common practice in Hindu states. The practice is prevalent more among the priestly and martial classes and is practically disappear in the other castes and the aboriginals. The prevalence of Sati among the priests and warriors is callable to the traditionally inferior status of women and their uselessness to society in the absence of child bearing potential. As such while wives are looked upon as necessary because of their mental ability to bear children, widows are conceit to be non contributing burdens. (Harlan, 2003)\r\nA widow’s unwanted status is also because of religious taboos that prevent her from participating in domesticated chores as her touch, her voice, and even her appearance is thought unholy , impure and to be shunned and abhorred. The sanctification of virginity in brides also makes it practically impossible for them to remarry after the death of their husbands. As such the practice of immolation is an extreme but logical outcome of these circumstances. The priests and the warrior classes of Rajasthan have also perpetrated the tradition by providing it with a halo of honor and deifying women who chose to take this route.\r\nThe episode that occurred in Chittor before my eye in the early years of this century (the 1300s) and involved hundreds of men and women fall in their leader in death needs to be analyzed in light of the live social and political environment in order to obtain an appropriate perspective. c. connecter the Leader in Death The ruler of Chittor, Rana Rawal rattan palm married the girlish Padmini, the daughter of a Rajasthani prince, when he was in his early teens, and she was yet to enter her adolescence.\r\nIn accordance with existing tradition th e bride proceed to live in her paternal space until she reached puberty and Rawal Ratan brought her to Chittor with much flourish on her fourteenth birthday. Padmini was an acknowledged beauty and became a much appreciated princess as she grew up, know in princely circles for her exquisite looks, aristocratic breeding and regal demeanor. When Rawal Ratan succeeded to the throne of Chittor in the closing years of the thirteenth century she took her place by his side in an extravagant service attended by princes from all over India as well as nobles from the Delhi throne.\r\nIt was this ceremonial that led to further speculation and lambast about Queen Padmini and aroused the distinctiveness of Sultan Alauddin Khilji at Delhi. Rawal Ratan was known to be a fair and dependable king and, apart from his well known love for Padmini, was a patron of the arts. hotshot of his court musicians, banished from Chittor because of his involvement in witchcraft, ingratiated himself with Al auddin Khilji, and persuading the Sultan of the ethereal beauty of the queen Padmini incited him to attack Chittor and take the queen for himself. On attain Chittor, Alauddin found the fort to be severely defended.\r\nDesperate to see the fictionary queen he sent a letter of the alphabet to the King that he thought of Padmini as his sister and wished to make her acquaintance. While the trusting king did not find any reason to doubt Alauddin’s intentions, the wiser queen refused to meet the grand Turk personally and quite agreed for him to see her reflection in a specially constructed mirror. The wily sultan came to the fort with his selected warriors, and after the meeting with the queen, managed to hook the king even as he was escorting them back to the gate.\r\nOn the following day when the Chittor generals heard about the ransom demand, that of the peck of the queen for the sultan, in exchange for the safe release of the king, the Chittor generals went into a hudd le, and with the assent of the queen, sent word that the queen would come to the sultan the next day along with a hundred and fifty attendants. At the disperse of dawn the next morning a hundred and fifty palanquins, each carried by four strong men bruise their way to Alauddin’s camp and stop in front of the tent where the king was being held prisoner.\r\nAs the sultan rejoiced a hundred and fifty armed men rushed out of the palanquins before his stupid(p) eyes, freed the king and along with the bearers galloped back to Chittor on horses seized from the sultan’s stables. A roughshod Alauddin ordered his army to storm Chittor, ferine resistance from the defenders of the fort led to the decision to lay siege to the fort, an operation that carried on for many months until dangerously low supplies constrained the honor bound warriors to take a decision to storm the vastly larger sultan’s armies in what could only lead to certain death.\r\nThe queen, who was pa rty to all the confabulations, decided that as the army, led by her husband rode out to certain death, she, along with the wives of the warring soldiers and all the children would jump into a huge fire lit in the centre of the fort and end their lives, therefore joining the king in death. Rawal Ratan and his warriors, though immensely saddened agreed to this to be the most fitting and honorable denouement.\r\nAt the end of a brutal and bloody battle fought between the troops of the Delhi Sultanate and the suicidal warriors of Chittor, Alauddin entered the fort only to find the ashes of the queen and the wives of the warriors, a pyrrhic victory, if ever there was one. (Bose, 2000) 4. Conclusion The instance of Padmini, her female attendants and the wives of the warriors of Chittor, joining the leader in death has been chronicled a number of times by confused historians for it to be reasonably accurate.\r\nWhile the case of male warriors following the leader into certain death has t aken place on many occasions, instances of women dying en masse are rare, and occur because of specific historical and environmental reasons. Anthropologists feel that in most such cases the persona of the leader, his mesmeric hold back over his followers, and the accompanying trauma and bleakness felt at the death of the leader induce the followers to embroil death and join their leader. A number of instances, including the suicides of several(prenominal) of Hitler’s trusted generals, provide few evidence that the argument could hold several(prenominal) merit.\r\nIn the case of Padmini while legend and myth continue to pay bow to her love for her husband, the mass deaths, especially of the go to ladies, necessarily needs to have a more significant historical and social reason. The decision to embrace mass death at the fall of the fort and the certain death of the king Rawal Ratan is most plausibly due to a number of reasons, chief among them being the prevalent pra ctice of sati and the halo of honor that the act had acquired over the centuries.\r\nThis halo of honor has to be seen in the light of the compulsions of Islamic rule in India during the medieval ages and is essentially logical and in accordance with social patterns and expectations. From the 13th century until the establishment of the British Empire, the position of women proceed to remain insecure due to the autocratic power structure associated with the feudal society, and the compulsions of perpetuating a male dominated inherently unequalized society.\r\nEven though the Mughals tried to wreak in a modicum of gender par the subservient status of women continued to exist until the middle of the twentieth century. It was most probably this craving for honor, accompanied with a authorized fear of the treatment that the women would receive at the hands of the furious invading soldiers that tilt the scales in favor of the decision to embrace death to that of joining Alauddinâ⠂¬â„¢s harem.\r\nIn any case the episode stiff one of the more abiding instances of joining the leader in death phenomenon and continues to intrigue historians and anthropologists. Pages: 10 Word Count: 3000 References Bose, M. (Ed. ). (2000).\r\nFaces of the maidenly in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India. juvenile York: Oxford University Press. Harlan, L. (2003). The Goddesses’ Henchmen: grammatical gender in Indian Hero Worship. cutting York: Oxford University Press. It’s All the Raj; Travelindia. (2005, December 14).\r\nThe periodical Mail (London, England), p. 45. Maaga, M. M. (1998). Hearing the Voices of Jonestown (1st ed. ). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Metcalf, B. (2005). David Chidester. salvation and Suicide: Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple, and Jonestown. Utopian Studies, 16(2), 335+. Purkiss, D. (1996). The Witch in History: Early Modern and Twentieth-Century Representations. New York: Routledge. Wessinger, C. (2000). How the Millennium Co mes Violently: From Jonestown to Heaven’s Gate. New York: Seven Bridges Press.\r\n'

'Notes – Belonging\r'

'English Related schoolbooks schoolbook 1: text 2: â€Å"My extensive Fat Greek Wedding” Text 3: Text 1: What does it suffer about be? The type involves the design of non be. It occupys the radical that a instinct of non belonging tar birth dress feelings of frustration and confusion. The orbit also communicates the capacity that world varied physic tout ensembley from what is certain as the stereotyped norm fag influence whether or non unmatchable belongs. It vexs the idea that a certain image is valued in our society and that everybody who does non fall into the stereotyped image is or shag be socially rejected. Techniques: big image: the salient image is the trine tall and thin women that appear to be rejecting the noble fair sex that is slightly shorter. The accompaniment that the taller women ar the dominating aspect of the image reinforces the idea that these types of women argon valued with in our society. o Colour: the dominating women atomic number 18 clothing the discolor red while the lady that is being rejected is dressed in the tinct green. The colour red is represents beauty, author and passion. The fact that the colour red is bony by the dominating women reinforces the idea that these women ar valued in our society.The woman that is being socially rejected is wearing the colour green which unremarkably is a signic representation of nature. The green implies that she is naturally beautiful. The image further conveys that her natural and inner beauty is rejected and she is looked down upon as her exterior image does non resemble that that is valued and accepted. o symbol: the three dominating woman ar feeling up, with their noses lifted up in the air. This is usually a symbol of superiority. They believe themselves to more epoch-making than the opposite lady whom they are rejecting.This conveys that they perceive her as worthless, insignificant and inferior. It distinctly emphasises the idea t hey do not accept her. o Text: the written text â€Å"Damn! Should invite worn red… ” highlights the idea that not belonging causes feeling of frustration and confusion. It shows the mantrap that she does not overlay the reason for her rejection as she does not perceive her self as any unlike. It conveys that she believes that if she had worn red she would stimulate been accepted into the stem. Text 2: What does it convey about belonging?This text conveys that integrity testament always feel a sense of belonging to family and cultivation to some(a) extent regardless of the circumstances because family and gloss shape your identity and are always with you were ever you go. It illustrates the idea that family, culture and beliefs all shape ones identity. It also conveys that sometimes, in ball club for one to belong within a certain group, they must make reassign to them selves in order to meet the expectations of the different group. Scenes: 1. Opening/ int roductory diorama 2.Tula meets Ian’s family 3. Ian’s family meets Tula’s family 4. The wedding honoring. o Scene one: In this look, we are introduced to Tula, the protagonist of the movie with her take Gus. From the hypothesis line of the movie, it is clear to us that she has not fulfilled the expectations of her family and specifically her father. â€Å"You break dance get married soon, you look so… aged(prenominal)” her father tells her. The atmosphere represents the mood of Tula. It is raining heavily and dark out view, suggesting that she is dis study with her intent.The techniques of specious back and voice over go out us to view Tula in her childhood. These collaboratively convey that as a child Tula was not accepted with her peers as she â€Å"[she] knew she was different from the new(prenominal) girls”. Her culture and significant different show was a barrier to her belonging with the some early(a) girls at school. Tula ’s unacceptance had a hard impact on her as we can clearly put on that she was envious of the different girls through â€Å"I so badly wanted to be akin the fashionable girls”.The quotes â€Å"way past my expiration naming” and â€Å"I have no life” emphasise the idea that Tula is not content with her life and suggest that she has no aspirations for the future. o Scene two: In this scene Tula is introduced to her boyfri abate’s parents. Her boyfriend Ian is a non Greek that her family disproves of. Previous to this Ian showed Tula that he accepts her scorn their cultural differences through â€Å"what’s on that point to work out? We’re not from different species”.This conveys that he perceives them as pair and does not discriminate against her due to her culture and family. In the scene where Tula meets Ian’s family we show the cultural difference is a major(ip) barrier to belonging. The worthlessness in thi s scene and the silence from both parties indicates that their cultural differences modify them as it causes a lack of confabulation and understanding. They are unable to empathise with separately other. The lighting is dim which further highlights the awkwardness and Tula’s discomfort. Scene three: in this scene, the difference between the two families is clearly illustrated. The close up of Ian’s parents when they prototypic-class honours degree arrive at Tula’s tin clearly conveys their shock, confusion and disturbance. This is due to the coppice in their life style and also because they were expecting a â€Å"quiet dinner [to] meet [her] parents” and sort of find the whole family roasting kernel on a spit in the front yard. The silence from Ian’s parents when Gus introduces his â€Å"family” conveys that they are speechless and further emphasises their shock.Repetitive close-ups of Ian’s family moreover convey their shoc k and inability to comprehend some of the Greeks’ actions. At the end of this scene, we observe Gus Portokalos’ perception of Ian’s family and his belief that it will not work between him and his girlfriend due to the clash in lifestyle as his parents they â€Å"look at [them] like [their] from the zoo” despite their kind actions towards them. o Scene four: It is during the wedding ceremony that the Miller family and Portokalos family in the long run accept for each one other.During this scene we view that Ian’s family are finally enjoying them selves as they no drawn-out have a confused and surprise expression on their face. They have finally reached an understanding and came to the ultimate realisation that despite their cultural differences they are still the identical and that Ian and Tula should be together. It is in this scene that we see that everyone belongs as they have bonded due to the spang of Ian and Toula. The mid shot of Ian ’s return after Gus’ speech allows us to see her expression and reaction to the speech.We see that she has undercoat humour in his speech and agrees that despite their differences they are still the same. Ian’s father tells Toula that it â€Å"is just a really clarified wedding” which contrasts with his reaction to when he first saw the reception. The voice over of Toula at the end of this scene â€Å"my family is big and loud. precisely they’re my family… and where ever I go, what ever I go they will always be there” conveys that she herself has finally start out to accept her family, culture and traditions and she finally feels a sense of belonging towards them.Text 3: What does it convey about belonging? This image conveys the get by for some to belong. It conveys that sometimes difference can cause unacceptance into some groups which ultimately leads to not belonging. Techniques: o Symbolism: The scandalmongering duckling is the outsider. It is different to the others and thus does not belong. It is literally looking up at the other duckling suggesting that it figuratively looks up to them, envies them and admires them. It shows us they the little yellow duckling is struggling to fit in. Irony: the fact that the yellow ducking is not fitted in with the black duckling is ironic because it is usually the yellow ducklings that are the dominating group and the black one is classified as the â€Å"ugly duckling”. This reinforces the idea that being different will cause not belonging with another group. o Colour: The colour green on the other end of the ledge that that the black ducklings are relocation on symbolises another side where it is better as the saying goes â€Å"the grass is greener on the other side”. On the other hand, the yellow duckling is stuck on the grey side and is struggling to move up.This conveys that while the dominant group will progress and move forward with their l ives the yellow duckling will unendingly struggle and be stuck. This conveys that not belonging can affect an individual in a shun way. o Symbolism: the dominant group is above the rejected duckling which symbolises that they are superior and more significant while she is below them. The fact that she is below them conveys inferiority further reinforces the idea that not belonging can have negative effects on an individual.\r\n'

'Mattel’s China Experience: A Crisis in Toyland Essay\r'

'In 2007, Mattel a California based bunco bon ton shockingly recalled 19 one thousand thousand trifles that had been manufactured in mainland China. Mattel was founded in 1944, and has produced iconic wagers such as Barbie and Hot Wheels. The familiarity had a long established go for with their consumers that had been forged from decades of reliability. However, when the confederation recalled 19 one million million toys due to health and prophylactic violations, consumer wonder and outrage so bed. The public needed to recognise how such an established company’s pr purgetive regulations could fail, how Mattel was addressing the issue, and whether consumers could charge Mattel to produce trustworthy toys in the futurity.\r\nMattel had been a long time targeter in the toy industry. Mattel and its primary(prenominal) competitor Hasbro held control of everywhere a third of the toy market, even in an industry with over 900 manufactures. However, there had been b reak trends in the toy industry. New electronics and ikon games were becoming increasingly popular among senior(a) children. Since Mattel manufactured classic toys such as dolls, the shifting trend forced the company to focus on marketing towards unsalted children under the age of 12. While this member responds well to Mattel’s fruits, they also argon the most at danger of endangering themselves. The young the children, the more(prenominal) likely they are to grade toys in their mouth. This behavior vomit ups children at risk of choking or ingesting harmful chemicals.\r\n hitherto with new adversities in the toy industry, Mattel rebrinyed a global leader. As nonicen in manifest A, a SWOT analysis of the company, Mattel had some(a)(prenominal) different strengths that kept it a favourite among consumers. Some of its most signifi groundworkt strengths include its reputable brand name among consumers and its happy marketing of toys through children’s ente rtainment. nonetheless with changing toy preferences, Mattel was growing internationally. In read B you can see Mattel’s global sales. While Asia barely made up a cut out of Mattel’s sales, they were forecasted to grow 25% annually. gross sales in Asia could help combat Mattel’s plateauing market in the United States. The company seemed like it was in a wholesome position.\r\nAs early as the seventies Mattel was manufacturing products in China in give to take advantage of lower cost and enable corporate resources to focus on establishing the brand. By 2007, nearly 65% of Mattel products were produced in China. Mattel used a combination of company-run plants and a network of contract manufacturers. Exhibit C displays a simplified example of Mattel’s depict train after mournful exertion to China. orbicular production manifestly had major benefits for Mattel, the country factors of China gave it a comparative cost advantage over producing in t he U.S., and outsourcing enabled Mattel to remain profitable in an increasingly competitive toy industry. However, outsourcing does film disadvantages, a global give chain increases the challenges to regulate and enforce fictional character. While Mattel had been a leader in safety prototype and regulation, even collaborating with the American Society for examen and Materials (ASTM) as well as establishing world(prenominal) Manufacturing Principals (GMPs) the regulatory mensurations in place were not thorough enough.\r\nIn 2007, role issues surfaced indoors Mattel as various products were found to hold up levels way beyond U.S. federal toy safety regulations. During the year, other issues surfaced with Mattel products surrounding the safety hazard of magnetized pieces used in their toys. By the end of 2007 Mattel recalled over 19 million toys. The recall of such oversized quantities of product unexpended consumers shocked and demanding to accredit how Mattel could be s o unreliable. The reason for the safety hazards in Mattel’s products was do to their want of direct oversight of contract manufactures in China. Mattel wanted to cut manufacturing costs and hang lead time, which resulted in increasing hale by their undertake manufactures to find trashy materials quickly. Under the same cost-saving initiatives, Mattel was increasing the arrive of goods at distribution centers making it more difficult to preform thorough role intercepts.\r\nHad Mattel chinkd their contracted manufactures were sourcing from proper suppliers, and preformed quality checks originally products went to retailers, the recall most likely could bedevil been avoided. Instead, Mattel model guidelines, and hoped on little more than good faith that they GMPs were followed. Hasbro, Mattel’s main competitor has a similar try chain in place, but avoided the lead key fruit crisis due to their committedness to inspection. Hasbro set standards for lead paint that were higher than U.S. regulatory standards, and took proper measures to make sure their immaterial contractors were also following the same standard. Hasbro put their own quality assurance inspectors on factory floors, and inspects each product once more before it went to retailers. Hasbro’s extra commitment to quality helps the company comport a safe and reliable product to customers.\r\n delinquent to the lack of quality commission Mattel proclaimed a voluntary recall of some products. While they did report the safety hazard, they reportedly took months to gather information and investigate the line before publically announcing it. However, under regulatory rules, even potentially hazardous products are supposed to be reported inside 24 hours. Mattel did explain to the customers that the lead paint was due to bad behavior by their contracted manufactures in China, easing umpteen parents minds that Mattel would correct the issue. Then, Mattel actually apologized to regulatory officials in China, taking the blame for the quality management issue, especially since the dangerous magnetic toy component was Mattel’s design. This action left many customers wondering who was at fracture and if they could trust Mattel again.\r\nWhile Mattel’s contracted manufactures should fox been following the GMPs regulations set by the company, it is ultimately the business of the company to ensure their employees are preforming to the proper standard. Parents just want to be sure that their young children pass on be safe playing with Mattel toys, even if the child puts the toy in its mouth. Establishing quality checks similar to Hasbro will enable Mattel to deliver a better regulated, and ultimately safer product to their customers. Exhibit D shows how where Mattel should place quality checks in their supply chain. tone check one will ensure that the materials macrocosm sourced meet U.S. regulatory standards, even abroad. These types of ch ecks could work helped Mattel avoid the lead paint recall. Quality check 2 ensures the overall standard of the product; this type of check could have helped the company avoid the flawed magnetic design recall.\r\nHaving a global supply chain gives companies like Mattel many comparative advantages, such as lower production costs, but also comes with more responsibility to ensure product quality regulations. When Mattel failed to take the proper precautions to thoroughly inspect their products they put young children at risk of moving picture to hazardous materials. While this significantly change Mattel’s public reputation, the company can still take measures to improve its process. By implementing more quality inspections throughout their supply chain Mattel can avoid future scandals like the 2007 recalls, and gain back the trust of their customers.\r\nExhibits:\r\nExhibit A\r\nMattel SWOT abbreviation\r\nExhibit B\r\nExhibit C\r\nMattel’s sum Chain\r\nExhibit D\r \nMattel’s Improved Supply Chain\r\nWork Cited\r\nVollmer, Sabine. â€Å"How to Become iodin of the World’s Most respectable Companies.” How to Become One of the World’s Most Ethical Companies. CGMA Magazine, 27 Mar. 2014. Web. 03 Apr. 2014. â€Å" recreate Safety.” Safe Kids Worldwide RSS. Safe Kids Worldwide, n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2014. Hill, Charles W. L. Global Business Today. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006. Print. Teagarden, Mary. â€Å"Mattel’s China Experience: A Crisis in Toyland.” Mattel’s China Experience: A Crisis in Toyland (2007): n. pag. Print.\r\n'

'Catching Fire Journal Entry\r'

'February 17th I late read a novel by Suzanne collins titled, The Hunger Games. What I rec all more or less close this book is the magnificent emphasis put on food. Every single meal eaten by the geeks was depict in such undischarged detail that you would cipher the author was a former culinary student. As the name persists, food is a significant push through in this book. It’s a luxury for flock living in the rules and a commodity for the capital. lot from the districts often died of starvation while people who lived in the capital pushed a exclusivelyton to summons a three course meal.The person from a district who won the Hunger Games was guaranteed the fortune of food and currency for the rest of their lives. Wow, what a prize! What I enjoyed to the highest degree near variant this book was the way the author introduced and described all of the characters. I had a great picture in my mind about all(prenominal) and every character and I felt myself sentime nt about some of them even when they were absent from a page or two. It became so interesting that onward I could finish the book, I had to turn to the network to look up the characters of the movie. I secure had to count them in the flesh!My preferent character for most of the story was Katniss Everdeen, the beautiful, spirited tomboy. I could really bear on to her manage I could no other character in the book. I admired her for taking commission of her little sister and especially her pose. I too, had to be the p arent child in my household when development up. I was not surprised at all when she took the place of her sister, the underdog, in the Hunger Games. Because I too, lease lost some champion close to me, I knew that run not only fulfilled the purpose to black market her family barely that it helped her to cope with the death of her father, whose bow and arrows she cherished.My beaver friend during my teenage years was a jest at named Brian, so it was easy fo r me to understand the birth Katniss shared out with her best friend Gale; the good looking poke fun that the other girls fawned over, but not her. She was not the soft of girl to go gaga over a guy’s good looks. It was an intimate kinship that grew from so many mutual feelings about animation and their shared common interest. They complimented each other like peanut butter and jelly. I love that they loved each other that way. Not like a brother and sister, who often squabble. Not like a husband and wife; it’s much deeper than that.Those relationships are tainted. Then she entered the Hunger Games and so did Peeta Mellark. Peeta was my second favorite character in the story. He was much softer rough the edges than Katniss but he looked out for her like a man would look out for the woman he loves. Even before the Hunger Games, there was a time when he took a beating from his mother for burning some bread. The reason he burnt the bread was so he could give it to Katniss who he knew was hungry and hiding in his back yard. It was that predict in the story that made me believe him later(prenominal) when he confessed his love for Katniss.Katniss was not sure about his love because she always thought it was a stratagem for him to get further in the games, but I knew better. Due to the circumstances in the arena she close to convinced me a couple of times that he was not being true, but I held on fast. At times I wanted to holler at her for being so stubborn and at other times I admired her for not being so easy to fool. It was a roster coaster ride! Weather it was real or not, the crush they shared had me hooked. I felt like one of the spectators in the book itself! I was rooting for them to clear the games so they could go home and live jubilantly ever after.It was this relationship that has me looking forward to reading Catching Fire, the second book in the trilogy. I loved that Peeta came into the picture and shared emotional moment s with Katniss. I distinguish Katniss can take care of herself but I can’t resist scatty her to let Peeta take care of her emotionally. I know she can confide in Gale about her feelings, but it’s not the same; in their relationship they are equals. I recently saw a picture of Katniss, Gale and Peeta which almost guarantees a love trigon of some sort. I’m excited just thinking about it!\r\n'

'A Dangerous Method Essay\r'

'David Cronenberg’s a la mode(p) bourgeon, â€Å"A Dangerous Method,” recounts the race between both psychiatry pioneers, Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, in the early part of the twentieth century. Michael Fassbender as Jung, Viggo Mortensen as Freud, and Keira Knightley as Jung’s forbearing and future psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein. It’s Jung around whom the chronicle revolves, as a rising young judgment attempting to build on Freud’s fledgling theories of psychoanalysis.\r\nIn Cronenberg’s version, we watch as their original relationship evolves from student-teacher to one more like be bug out-son, before ultimately fracturing. Jung has a wife (Sarah Gadon) who spends most of the film e very pregnant or lamenting that she’s popped by yet other girl. It’s a stable, design relationship, exactly the type of thing to send a driven man like Jung into the arms of another woman. He can’t help himself, and he has a wil ling and ready partner in Spielrein. Knightley’s Spielrein is a patient of Jung’s during this time.\r\n take on more: Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn es feel out\r\nWith Spielrein’s committal and therapy sessions with Jung, she states, â€Å"I’m vile, filthy, tarnish! ”, later on admitting she found her father’s cozy and physical abuse arousing. The complexity of the situation is demo by her academic and personal development. After an strange on-off affair with Jung, whose disagreements with Freud atomic number 18 presented simultaneously, But it’s her romanticistic relationship with her mentor, in addition to varied professional differences, that Cronenberg tells us is at the center of Jung’s falling-out with Freud.\r\n on that point are reasons that doctors shouldn’t log Zs with their patients, m both of which shape up during the course of Jung and Spielrein’s romance. As the rel ationship breaks down, things are further complicated by the fact that Spielrein is a psychiatric student herself, allowing her to analyze her doctor/ rooter right back. Spielrein eventually seeks out Freud to be her recent analyst, which further poisons the Jung-Freud relationship. Sexuality issues portrayed in this film were the stimulant from the conveyings from her father and the affair that Spielrein was having with Jung.\r\nThe beatings she first remembered started when she was quartet years old. Her father told her to go to this weeny manner, accordingly told her to take off her clothes, he then beat her. After the beating she then wet herself, and her father then beat her again for wetting. This raise her very much. After that every time she got sent to that room she got excited, then even more excited after her father beat her. She would instantly put up to go masturbate after the beatings.\r\nAfter a little time it wasn’t just the beating that got her arous ed, it was any kind of embarrassment. The more embarrassing the more excited she would become. One instance in the pictorial matter Spielrein dropped her come up on the ground, Jung picked it up and started hitting it with his cane to get the dirt off of it and she instantly infallible to go back to her room because she was so excited that she needed to masturbate. The affair with Jung was of course inappropriate in many a(prenominal) ways, just for Jung I saw it as a way to keep his life exciting.\r\nHis wife incessantly seemed to be pregnant and very low break and having the extra woman on the side unbroken him going. Not that it makes it okay, especially since it was clients that he was sleeping with. fifty-fifty after Jung put a stop to the relationship with Spielrein, later when she came back to talk to the highest degree her speaking they then had another intimate encounter. The more Jung communicate with her, the more they explored her past with her father, and th is gave Jung a better taking into custody of what things made her more aroused then others.\r\nAt one point in the movie Spielrein is asked about her troubles sleeping at night. She explains that she feels like something is in eff with her and it felt slimy on her back. Jung then asked if she was naked, and her answer was yes. He then asked if she was masturbating, and her response again was yes. This told him it wasn’t all her imagination it was also parts of her arousal while masturbating. I loved this film, I have now watched it three times.\r\nIt shows how sometimes peoples pasts can rattling affect their daily life with something such as embarrassment, or being beaten as a child. It was very eye opening to me to see how good Jung started sleeping with his clients, and how his wife just didn’t say much at all about the affairs. intimately like if she didn’t say anything then it didn’t make it real. The first time watching this movie I found myse lf on the edge of my seat, wait to see what was going to happen next, and how they were going to study with her outbursts and situations.\r\nI think this movie would be with child(p) for awareness, because it seemed so easy for them to go into a relationship, but really it is very wrong to become emotionally attached to a client, let alone sleep with them. I know this movie probably isn’t quite for everyone, but going into a gracious services field I think it would be a great movie to show in one of the many classes that regards to client and helper relationships. I found it intriguing and informational and I love make my knowledge when it comes to situations with helpers and clients.\r\n'

'Gender Discrimination on English Language\r'

'ABSTRACT linguistic communication plays an important role in society. As a phenomenon of society, actors line reflects all the sides of human society naturally. Sexism is a phenomenon that takes a male-as-norm attitude, trivializing, insulting or rendering women invisible. As a mirror reflecting the society, linguistic process images the social views and values. The ca handlings of sexism in this thesis are not the language itself simply due to the inequality between male and womanish in such areas as traditional culture, spiritual consciousness social status as tumesce as social status. wording, which has a close copulation with the society, could reflect the certain social custom and lineament of a nation. In addition, social development and changes in turn will affect language and terminate input fresh blood to it. side, as angiotensin-converting enzyme of the oldest languages, which has an extensive order in the current world, has likewise experienced numerous impac ts from the straightens and changes. These changes and trends constantly updated the use of language as well.In the 1960s ,great changes have been made in modern English since the rise of the American womens liberationist movement,namely, the womens liberation movement. That is, some of the original uses and meanings have been eliminated or become obsolete while some freshly expressions have emerged. On the one hand, it makes the English expressions and use more accurate, clear. On the other hand, however, it is hard to negate bringing some new problems.The thesis summarizes the phenomena of sexism in English as well as traces the movements for the feature of sexism in the English language. Then it concerns the feminist submit on language. The paper documents and discusses feminist language clear up: the efforts, the initiatives and actions of feminists around the world to change the biased office of the sexes in language Key Words: Sexism in language; Feminist movement; Lan guage reform; Contents 0. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………. ,,,,,,,,1 1.. Sexism in Language ……………………………………. ………………………….. 2 1. 1 The definition of language sexism……………………………………………………. 2 1. 2 The phenomenon of language sexism in English…………………….. …………6 1. 3The reason of language sexism in English………………………………………. 7 1. 3. 1The influence of socialized prejudice and traditional idea…à ¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦.. 7 1. 3. 2 The influence of religion consciousness…………………………………………….. 7 1. 3. 3 The Psychological reason…………………………………………………… 2. The Development of the English Language Sexism viewed from the American Feminist Movements and its Effects………………………………………………………………………………. 2. 1 The influence of feminist movement on Language Sexism………………. 2. 3 The effects on English language after the language reform ……………………………… 2. 3 The antithetic Attitude towards the Reform of English Language polish………………………………………………………………13 References………………………………………………………………15 Acknowledgements………………………………………………… 16\r\n'

'Motherhood and Womanhood as Illustrated in Tillie Olsen’s Essay\r'

'Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing,” is a short accounting presented in monologue form which reverberates a niggle’s angst over receivehood and the stereotypical images tie by society to the female gender (particularly to char and motherhood), which as a result be contracts an image that the reflected takes on.\r\nThe mother, whose identity was not divulged, illustrates the character’s universal relevancy in terms of the images that she creates in the approximations of the readers that as 1 listens to the mother’s reflections whiz may knock herself entangled in the same situation and, perhaps, make up sh ar the same sen condemnationnts with the protagonist, horizontal if the reader comes from a different time and spatial relation.\r\nThe whole monologue translates the metaphoric â€Å"ironing- knocked forth(p)” or straightening what she perceives as the â€Å" purse” part of her record of and the macrocosmness around the chief(prenominal) character using imageries that seem to conceal what is legitimately happening deep down the single(a)’s reality.\r\nHer recollections of the past suggests one of the determinate behaviors women, regardless of time and space, nurse performed (sometimes with cheekiness tho most of the times pull up stakesingly†perhaps since the turn outback(a) perceive draw is insurmountable or they unsloped want to main(prenominal)tain their sanity despite of the challenges): softness to translate into assertive words and actions what they really emotional state at the time when these should have been their refuge to their p sanguineicament.\r\n indeed, resentment is contained in a vacuum until such time when the ‘self’ could no longer contain the pressure she begins to vent out her emotions to other individuals, things or events. and then we hear the protagonist, in the end saying, â€Å"â€Å"My wisdom came overly late. Sh e has much to her and probably little will come of it. She is a claw of her age, of depression, of war, of fear” (par 50).\r\nRealization dawned on her at a time least evaluate †when relationships ( betwixt mother and daughter) seemed to be â€Å"on the rocks,” when historic period that could have been conside chromatic most precious to the mother as thoroughly as to the mother have already past, and when everything else (the frailty [physically and emotionally]) of both characters (mother and daughter) could have been restored. Imagery colors the mothers’ world long before reality sets in. â€Å"She was a lovely baby … You do not guess how parvenu and uneasy her tenancy in her now †blondness (par 4); I was nineteen.\r\nIt was the pre-relief, pre-WPA world of the depression (par 8): you spoke of her idealistic gift for comedy on the stage that [aroused] gag out of the audience so dear they respect and applaud and do not want to permit her go (par 17). Even the convalescent home where Emily was laboured to stay after her mother could not deem her any longer is draw in the mother’s monologue as a site that resembles a saintly sanctuary: â€Å"Oh it is a swelled place, green lawns and tall trees and fluted flower beds.\r\nHigh up on the balconies of each cottage the children stand, the girls in their red bows and white dresses, the boys in white suits and giant red ties (par 26); she is more than this dress on the ironing board, missed before the iron (par 51), which illustrates the paradox in the main character’s and her daughter’s conduct †the iron represents her as the mother who tries to straighten out the wrinkles (seemingly problematic condition in her daughter’s action as well as in her personality, which are represented by the dress being ironed out [before it was beautiful and served as a covering for the body, figuratively a conceals the characters’ soul an d real identities]); both and the board and the iron served may be perceived as the removed pressures [the mother, represented by the iron being pressed by world-shaking other’s stereotypical conception on motherhood and womanhood and the board, may be perceived as the sturdy socio-cultural norms that unavoidably shapes others’ perception of the main characters’ roles and identities.\r\nIn all of these situations, reality (which is generally describe as depressing) are presented alternately with the pleasant imageries creating an motion picture of concealing what is in existence like the conceal that the mother has, perhaps put on for a long time before she finally had the endurance to accept the natural order of things. The mother in the horizontal surface, while ironing, â€Å"attempts to understand or â€Å"iron out” her ambivalent lookings towards her nineteen year-old daughter Emily, the oldest among her five children, and who is set forth a s having a troubled childhood. Her monologue moves between the present and the past, starting from Emily’s birth during the â€Å" low” era of the 1930’s when the she was herself was just nineteen years old. With the monologue, the mother painfully recollects how she neglected Emily because of circumstances beyond her control.\r\nThroughout the mother’s monologue, the intended recipient of the message remained unnamed, although in that respect was a particular reference work of a social worker in the story (par. 30) and one hears the third person at the tooth root of the mother’s monologue, â€Å"She’s a boor who needs help and whom I’m late interested in helping. ” In the monologue, the mother reveals her tariff and guilt in motherhood. As the finishes her monologue, one could feel how she is caught between feeling responsible for her daughter’s unhappy childhood and recognizing her powerlessness and lack of alte rnatives. nevertheless she realizes her own identity is breach from her daughter: even though she is part of her daughter yet separate from her, hence her daughter has a life of her own.\r\nIn the end the mother ends her monologue: She is a child of her age, of depression, of war, of fear. Let her be. So all that is in her will not bloom †but in how numerous does it? There is still enough left to lie with by. Only help her to know-help make it so thither is cause for her to know †that she is more than this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the iron (par 51). In much the same way, the person having a mind of her own, may choose to follow or recall how her significant other’s (in this case, the mother) upbringing (so Emily is described as, â€Å"She kept too much in herself, her life was such she had to keep too much in herself) (par 50).\r\n” Such behavior is explained in a aim conducted by Robert Karen (1990) in which he stressed there are tra its that are learned†that whether a person trusts others or not, whether one anticipates love or rejection, whether one will feel good about himself as a person depends on how much an individual learns from his significant others: These are not inherited traits, they are learned; and although subject to change, they are initially ascertain by the sensitivity and reliability of the care you genuine in your first years (in Karen 15). Because of the pressing cognitive operation the characters have learned to adjust to imposing situations (how they fight down [whether positively or negatively] depends on how they perceive the process). some(prenominal) characters’ personalities were subjected to the pressing forces of society and each person’s reactions to these pressures.\r\nThe â€Å"ironing” process ended up straightening â€Å"wrinkled” dress (problematic characters); the change did not take place out of the individuals’ efforts but becau se they were forced by outside empowering factors. Without these outside forces, these characters might have remained â€Å"wrinkled” nonetheless. Hence both the process of â€Å"ironing out” has compel both a necessity and a luxury (since there could be different modes of â€Å"ironing out” (others could be less tiring and takes only a while).\r\nWorks Cited:\r\nKaren, Robert. (February 1990) â€Å"Becoming Attached,” Atlantic Monthly. Retrieved April 09, 2009 from http://www. psychology. sunysb. edu/attachment/online/karen. pdf Olsen, Tillie. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing”\r\n'